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ABSTRACT
This study examined the physiochemical character of the affected soil affected with solid waste disposal in the dumpsites in mile one market. The findings of this study indicate that solid waste had varying effects on the physical and chemical properties of ferrealsol such as bulk density, total nitrogen, organic carbon, available phosphorus, heavy metals etc. Bulk density and pH were lower in the polluted area than the control area, while other parameters had a reverse trend. It is therefore recommended that it is pertinent to manage municipal solid waste properly in order to minimize their adverse impact on the soil.
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
The impact of solid waste on health and environment has been an issue of global concern over the years (Goorah et al, 2009), Barla et al 300) solid waste are sources of environmental pollution through introduction of chemical substances above their threshold limit in the environment. Reports have shown that sold waste introduces additional heavy metals into the surrounding solid is a natural reservoir of metals whose concentrations are associated with several factors such as biological and biochemical cycling, parent material and mineralogy, soil age, organic matter, soil PH, redox concentrations and microbial activities (green land and Hayes, 2006, lee et al; 1992. However, large amounts of these heavy material released into soil as a result of increased anthropogenic activities such as agricultural practices, industrial activities energy consumption and waste disposal methods, thus leading to the contamination of the soils (Ebong et al, 2007, Ololade et al; 2007) Eja et al; 2003).
The amount and variety, of waste materials have drastically increased with the growing of technology and population. All solid waste occupies space and for many countries, the disposal and management of these waste are ancient problems.
Like many other geo- political zones is Nigeria, south- east zone faces , problems of environmental sanitation such as improper disposal of refuse neat residential areas, poor refuge collection and handling etc (Onwurah et al; 2006) for example, it is a common feature in the zone to find huge refuses dumpsites within residential areas and along some minor and major roads (Elaigwn et al; 2007, Odukoya et al; 2007) among other researchers reported that soil at refuse dumpsites contain different kinds and concentration of heavy metals, depending on the age contents, and location of the dumpsite.
Similarly, many studies have shown that continous disposal of waste in soil may increase the heavy metal concentration in the soli (Okoronkwo et al; 2005, Ukpebor and Unuigbe, 2003).
Other reports have shown that metals from refuse dumpsite can accumulate and desists in soil at environmentally hazardous level (Ebong et al; 2007).
In south- east Nigeria, areas with high refuse disposal, increased commercial and industrial activities. The adverse effects of refuse dumpsite to the soil and air quality are well documented (Elaigwe et al; 2007). Also, most refuse dumpsites to the south East are used extensively for cultivation varieties of edible, vegetables and plant- based food stuffs without proper routine assessment.
Bioavailability and toxicity of heavy metals depend on metal speciation in sediments (Ewa- Szarek et al; 2006). The mechanisms of mobility and bioavailability of heavy metals relative to the various fractions of heavy metal in sediments have been documented in et al; 2007).
The pollution of the environment with heavy metals had become a world- wide problem during recent years (Benjamin and Mwashot, 2003) because they are non-Biodeg, Radable and are toxic to flora and fauna in the ecosystem (Ikem et al; 2003).
1.1 AIM OF THE STUDY
In view of the above, the study is therefore aimed to investigate the physiochemical character of the affected soil affected with solid waste disposal in the dumpsites soild in mile one market and as such not only provide their baseline data but also determine their mobility bioavailability and fate in order to assess the human health and ecological risks associated with the refuse dumpsites.
1.2 OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY
to determine and compare chemical properties of dumpsite soil to non- dumpsite soil.
To determine and compare the exchange capacity and the perce base saturation of non- dumpsite to dumpsite soil
1.3 SCOPE OF THE STUDY
the research was carried out at dumpsite soil located at mile one market
1.4 LIMITATION TO STUDY
the study was limited due to the following factors:
inadequate finance
lack of good laboratory facilities and
economic instability
1.5 DEFINITION OF TERMS
Municipal is related to a town or city or its local government.
Pollution is the introduction of a substance which has harmful or poisonous effects in to the environment.
Waste is a material, substance or by product eliminated or discarded as no longer useful or required after the completion of a process.
Heavy metal of relatively high density, or of high relative atomic weight.
Environment is the natural world as a whole or in a particular geographical area, especially as affected by human activity.
Sewage is a waste matter from domestic or industrial establishments that is carried away in sewers or drains for dumping or conversion into a form that is not toxic
Dumpsite is a landfill site also known as a tip dump or rubbish dump. Is as site for the disposal of waste materials by burial and the oldest form of waste treatment.