(A STUDY OF NIGERIAN NATIONAL PETROLEUM CORPORATION, PH)
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ABSTRACT
This study was to identify the motivation of the employees on the Nigeria economy. A research survey method using questionnaire and interview was adopted and the study was carried out in the Nigeria National Petroleum Company (NNPC). The sampling technique was used to select the respondents of the study. A total of sixty respondents were administered. A simple percentage method was used in the analysis of the data collected. Some of the findings of the study include good working environment, job security and opportunity for advancement were factors that motivate the Nigeria workers in an organizational structure. At the end, recommendations were made for a clear view by users of the research.
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
The human element is the most dynamic of any organization setup that is why it has been known that all problems faced by management, motivating the employees have been ranked as one of the most complex situation. It is therefore common for one to ask the question as to who is responsible for motivation? Is it the responsibility of management or the employees who will be expected to provide his own means of motivation.
The answers to these questions are not farfetched. Some authors see motivation within the confines of the employees in the organization. Taylor view motivation as something arising from sources outside the employee in the organization.
Motivation is derived from a Latin word “Move ever” which means to move. Motivation is one of the major problems of management with the aim to make the employees to be able to put in their best and also for them to do ordinarily what they do not want to do. The means of production in the traditional workplace in the Nigeria work environment of society such as the village farms, fishing crafts and traditional business have not changed, as a result of the mode of organizational work place which are still based on indigenous African work practice.
This indigenous system of the national workers attitude to work is still there, despite all forms of motivation, they are still not satisfied. A case study reported by Ahiazu (1985), shows that when Nigeria is observed in his practices as adopted he is seen to be very much committed and to be very industrious or hardworking as to when it comes to the industrial work environment where he appears to be non – challant or he feel highly uncommitted and is not as hard working as he normally will be at his traditional work place.
Motivation is a concept that has been deemed a common definition but the definition given by Kootz (1976) which says that motivation refers to the inner state that energizes and channel human behavior. Vroom (1954), maslow (1954) and Herbenz (1986) in their research studies attempted to find and explanation to what really motivate people at work place.
Maslow (1954) carried out a study of the hierarchy of needs. The prime emotive of man is how to satisfy his or how to support his immediate and extended families and to be able to carter for his responsibilities.
The prime motive of man is social need. Social needs are such need of belongings to a particular class in the society and the job of the individual has come bearing on the kind of link with the need for self – actualization. The success or growth and also the fall of any organization depend on the manpower development strategies. In order for manpower to be effective, there must be effective motivation.
It is believed that when a workers achievement is acknowledged in any form, the individual will tend to do more or repeat what he has been praised according to Ahiazu (1984). On the other hand, he believed that the non-challant attitude to work amongst workers in the public sector is the result of inadequate motivation.
Two different assumptions were presented by Douglas Mc Gregor in the 1950s about the employees and called them theories X and Y. He stated in theory X that human being are traditionally lazy, indolent to work, greedy and would always want to be forced or threatened to do something before he does it. But theory Y has a contrary view about theory X. Theory Y is saying that human beings is willing and also ready to work so far as he is directed in what to do, he is willing to take corrective measures when necessary.
The environment and the employees are very vital in the administration of any organization that describes organization as a social system whether they are industries serving set-up they involve people therefore to work or manage them. This means that the person in question must understand how these organization works to operate in social and work context.
Employee’s motivation is a term used to describe an inciting or encouraging payment or incentives for services. The incentive which incites on the action is a form of motivation. In order words, motivation will be used to describe any special inducement offered by a business establishment or organization to its employees in either monetary or praise form or either economic benefits or compensation of employees to secure higher productivity and maximum efficiency. The era of scientific management dating from the 1890s has witnessed the development of many kinds of incentives pay plans word over, some of which is not mentioned in the examples, but importantly is that, employee’s motivation moves beyond the work pay plan.
1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
Motivation is anything that makes a person or individual to act or behave in a way he has not been behaving before. The problem now is, are employees in the public sector motivated? By being motivated, one is asking whether they are provided with the necessary incentives that will motivate them into working harder to increase productivity or the output level of the organization. Are they also provided with the necessary materials that will enable them to work hard? In some organizations, the materials for effective work procedure are not available. There is also the problem of work environment leadership style and disparity in the organizations.
1.3 PURPOSE OF THE STUDY
- To identify the level of motivation of employees in the organization.
- This research also serves as a means of tracing out the problem of the deteriorating conditions of some establishment and to reactive business organization.
- It also serve as a means of some of documentation of important facts from references.
1.4 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
Management objectives of human resources, in the work environment are constantly subjected to review with the purpose of strengthening motivation factors. The work force of any organization is the pivot of its resources. Therefore, management always try to motivate workers / employees. The importance is to obtain solutions to peculiar motivating question in the general work situation in Nigeria. The second relevance of the study is in the area of finding lasting solutions to the motivational questions that are peculiar to the public sector. The third area is to find solution to the sometimes bothering question of whether or not a remarkable different exist between motivation and workforce of the employee (organization).
1.5 RESEARCH QUESTION
The following research questions are formulated to guide the researcher;
Do you have training programme in your organization?
What are the motivational instruments used by our organization to its workers?
Does your organization have welfare scheme for employees?
How does motivation affect the overall performance of employees in the organization?
1.6 SCOPE OF THE STUDY
The scope of this research was confined to NNPC as it develops practices and policies to guide motivation of the employees. It deals directly with the department of human resources.
1.7 LIMITATION OF THE STUDY
This research work had some problems one of which was the lake of finds. This prevented the research from covering other organization to have a wider view of the problem under study.
Also, the attitude of some of the respondents posed a lot of set back to the study; this was either in complete of the questionnaire or inaptitude towards the researcher by the respondent.
Another was limited time with which the project work is expected to be completed coupled with other academic work at hand. This caused the researcher a great problem as he finds it difficult to cope with both at the same time.
1.8 DEFINITION OF THE TERMS
Corporation: A group of individuals, created by law or under authority of law, having a continuous existence independent of the existences of its members, and powers and liabilities distinct from those of its members.
Effects: The result or outcome of a cause
Employee: An individual who provides Labor to a company or another person.
Motivation: Willingness of action especially in behavior or reason for doing something.
Organization: The quality of being organized or the way in which something is organized, such as a book or an article.
Petroleum: A flammable liquid ranging in colour form clear dark brown and black, consisting mainly of hydrocarbons, occurring naturally in deposits under earth surface.