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ABSTRACT
Light box equipment is a well developed and very old technique for optical measurements. The thesis describes the maintenance and refurbishment of a light box equipment to study the clearance between object. The desired properties of the equipment are simple, portable, compact size and also, 1000walts inverter incorporated, making it suitable for use in general laboratories and for educational purposes. By the passage of light rays through the object, the clearance can be observed giving greater understanding of the objects gap. The principle behind the equipment allows the travel of light through the object continuously to allow the detection of leakages of clearance range. To accomplish this, individual components of the equipment were studied. A series of experiments were performed which validate the working of the equipment. The results of the validation which are produced in the report give the accuracy of the system. The maintenance and refurbishment is also discussed.
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
The light box equipment is a family of techniques in which component of different form are brought together for clearance view using light wave the light box is an important investigative system in the field of Engineering metrology, optical metrology etc. system which uses this equipment can measure areas or object which are equal to the field of view of the instrument. Albert Abraham (1883).
Even though the conventional light box equipment are extensively used, they are built for clearance view and have many features and different techniques of measurement integrated which are not effectively used by all. One or more electric light bulbs are in the box.
In use, the master gauge and the gauge to be checked are laid on the ground glass lid and filled together. Light from the electric lamps can be seen through any gaps existing between the master gauge and the gauge which is being checked, provided that such gaps are sufficiently wide and that the edge of one gauge is very thin. To see these gaps the eye must be accurately in the line of the light.
The light seen does not depend entirely upon the width of the gauging edge but also upon the surface finish of the gauge and upon cleanliness. It is difficult to estimate accurately that width of the gap interferometer equipment can be used inconjunction with the light box equipment.
INTERFEROMETER
Interferometer are investigative tools used in many fields of science and engineering, they are called interferometer because they work by merging two or more sources of light to create an interference pattern, which can be measured and analyzed.
The interference patterns generated by interferometers contain information about the object or phenomenon being studied. They are often used to make very small measurements that are not achievable any other way. Babinet (1820)
INVERTER
An inverter converts the Oc voltage to an Ac voltage. In most cases, the input Dc voltage is usually lower while the output Ac is equal to the grid supply voltage of either 12volts, or 240volts depending on the country.
The inverter is used with the light box to provide Alternating current when there is no direct current in the system. It provides an Ac voltage from Dc power sources and is useful in powering electronics and electrical equipment rated at the Ac mains voltage.
The conversion of Direct Current (DC) to alternating current (AC) is achieved by converting energy stored in the DC source such as the battery, or from a rectifier output, into an alternation voltage. Peter Cooper (1920).
1.1 STATEMENT OF PROBLEM
Engineering members coupled together most be in functional relationship and where this component is not achieve the component can not function as intended. Depending on the intension of the designer there are clearance fit (A condition where the meeting members are free to move or rotate in each other). Clamps together but can be easily separated by hand and force fit a condition, where both members must gain perfect grip, usually assembled by pre heating).
For interchangeable part meeting members must maintain accurate dimension which must not alter during mass production. To establish this relationship constant checking of the components are required. One method adopted is the principle of go and no go which has inherent disadvantages.
Maintenance and Refurbishment of a light box equipment is intended to over come the go and no go approach, by using a beam of light to review clearance between meeting and interchangeable part. This will ultimately prevent excess material wastages, accuracy of the product, and minimize in process inventory and reject. This is the basis of this work.
1.2 AIM/OBJECTIVES
The main aim of these project maintenance and Refurbishment of a light box equipment is to ensure that the equipment be able to function effectively and direct any gap or tolerance between meeting gap.
Key objectives of the project are as follows:
- Ensure that only part that meet acceptable dimension are produced.
- To minimize reject arising from mass production of interchangeable part
- To minimize material wastage arising from production of part that falls outside tolerance limit.
- Ensure that only quality product that meet market acceptance are produced.
- To produce a light box that can detect any error in the dimension of interchangeable and meeting parts.
ADVANTAGES OF THE WORK
Light box has several advantages over other surface measurement techniques.
o It has very high sensitivity to surface topography.
o It does not require mechanical contact with the surface under test.
o There is no risk of damage or deformation of surface.
o Quick measurement
o There is no risk of damage or deformation of the surface, as can sometimes result from using test plates or contact probe methods.
1.3 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE WORK.
This project maintenance and refurbishment of a light box equipment is use in manufacturing laboratory and manufacturing industries. Which checks clearances between merging parts and provide accurate dimensions to part or machine element to be produce and also prevent mass production of errors in the production of the said parts.
1.4 SCOPE OF THE WORK
These light box equipment covers large of sciences and engineering. To check clearance of meeting part when the component are small.
Light interference occurs when there is a difference in distance traveled by the light (light path) from the surface of a target object to a certain point. The light box equipment inconjunction with an interferometer uses this phenomenon to measure the surface roughness of a component.