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ABSTRACT
This project work came as a result of the need for construction of power failure device and indicator. This power failure device construction is a power supply monitoring device that will trigger a buzzer when the mains supply cuts off. At the same time, the light emitting diode will be turned ON. This device is helpful to inform the loss of power supply to some critical installation such as a pump in a water tank. Once the buzzer sound, you will know that there is a loss of power supply and actions need to be taken to rectify the situation by providing alternative power supply. A security alarm is a system designed to detect instruction, unauthorized entry into a building or area. Security alarms are used in residential, commercial, industry, and military properties protection against burglary (theft) or property damage, as well as personal protection against intruders. Car security alarms likewise protect cars and their contents. Prisons also use security systems for control of inmates.
CHAPTER ONE
1.1 INTRODUCTION
A power failure alarm and indicator in modern civilization is becoming increasingly dependent upon reliable sources of electrical power on a grand scale, the long term failure of a major electrical utility can spell disaster and on a smaller scale at home even a short power outage can causes a lot of trouble. A power outage can causes you to be late for work because your alarm clock loses time during the failure, freezers begin to thaw, programs stored in home computers are lost or badly scramled and may kind of electronic project can be thrown out of work.
There is not much anyone can do about preventing power failure, the best we can do is to work out ways to know when power failure have occurred and that is the point. The siren it make a loud and obnoxious being sound as long as the power outage coours or at least until its battery runs down.
Alarm is also a system that attract people attention and emergencies can arise and there should be the need to alert the persons around for possible danger and hazards in our construction and designs of power supply system the alarm system can be incorporate into the system to alert people when there are short circuit, capacitor, resistors, buzzer, 555timer, switch off and on, over load, burning of phase resulting for correction of the abnormal situation like damaging of equipment, injuring of people.
Theft protect car tape deck or a radio receiverfrom theft tie concealed point. In the car and is keptclosed since gate the tape deck. The SCR is off and the horn is silent. If the tape is deck is removed is no longer grounded. Instead it gets connected to the battery through consequently gate current is set up which fires the SCR. As a result the horn start blowing and continues to do so until is opened.
Also alarm system can be found in ambulance carry a patient that may need immediate medical attention or even a security vehicle carry some amount of money to either the bank or the Government work like
- Commissioners.
- Chief of air force
iii. Inspector General of police –
- Banks security vehicles
- Commanding staff
- Chief of Naval staff
vii. Chief of army staff
viii. Ambulance on emergency
Also in the line of Medical field alarm is need for the checking patient that required intensive care the alarm can be connected to the pulses of the heart and passed it through an alarm system the patient could be off alone in a privateward just in case the heat stops or tend to stop. Function of the alarm is toidentifier people of possibledanger and hazard before it occur.
Furthermore alarm could be installed in building to operate automatically or manually when there is fix or in panels when in short circuit or to signal for help when there is danger. .
Alarm could also be in some companies to operate autocratically where there is only danger sought to be done. In order to reduce the level of damage and distortion, lessees of life and properties.
Emergency lighting system
SCRS find application in circuit that maintain lighting by using a backup battery in case of ac power feature show a center tapped full wave rectifier used for providing power to a low voltage lamp. As long as ac power is available the battery as charged diode and resistor with ac power on the capacitor charge to the peak value of the full wave rectifies ax voltage that is to 1 2.4x 1.414 which give us 17.Sv same is the voltage of the 5CR cathode. Since voltage of SCRanode is less than that of cathode, the SCR does not conduct the SCR gate is at a voltage determined by voltage divider R3 -R2 under these condition the lamp is run by the ac supply and SCR is off.
Causalities:
Destruction of equipment:- These alarm use Little direct element voltage (DC)from the supply automatically could be stepped down and rectified to supply the alarm is building and multimillion company but an external battery has to be provided as well as to supply the alarm in case of power failure. If these battery are not checked regularly, they might go bad without any body knowing and ifthere is power failure to the alarm and fault occur, the electronic alarm , automatically fail to operate or sound and if the fault persist, it might lead to thedestruction of the equipment
The fire alarm- A circuit using a NAND gate bitable that will act as a fire alarm.
To start with the buzzer as off and so the output from gate must be 0. This means that the output from another gate must be one. Thermostat is cold, its resistance as high and so the two inputs to the first gate are both one when the thermostat is warmed its resistance falls and the lower input to the first gate becausehigh (one) and the buzzer sounds.
It is left for people to know that cooling the thermistor will not switch the alarm off.
However, and stay on when a brief flash of high (perhaps from the torch of a burglar falls on the light dependent resistor the buzzer may only be turned off by returning the switchopen.
1.2 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
This study therefore is aimed atconstruction of power failure device and indicator
- To make recommendation
- To determine power failure with detector
- To know how power failure occur in devices
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