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ABSTRACT
Automatic street light control system is a simple powerful concept which uses transistor as a switch by using this system manual work over 100% removed. It automatically switches ON when the sunlight goes below the visible region of our eyes. This is done by a sensor called light dependent resistor (LDR) which senses the light actually like our eyes. It automatically switches OFF whenever the sunlight comes and also switched ON earlier before sunset. In this project, NO need of manual operation like ON time and OFF time setting. This project clearly demonstrates the working of transistor in saturation region and cut off region. The working of the relay is also known as to control the street light.
CHAPTER ONE
BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
1.0 INTRODUCTION
Street lighting is referred to as road lighting or public lighting which includes the lighting of pedestrian walk ways. However, the fast growth in electronics technology has lead to the designing of electronics components, such as integrated circuit and semi conductor devices which need to operate on a voltage to control a heavy load current with high reliability factor, and at a cheaper rate. The development has given birth to automatic control of street light, remote control technology and other sophisticated controls at same and convenient form.
The discovery of dependent components like photo resistor, photo-cell photo transistor which make use of simple sunlight energy to generate electrical energy has greatly reduced the improvement of mankind in power switching operator street lights, are controlled automatically by the used of an electric circuit incorporated with a conductor or relay.
This project is aiming at designed in the field of assist mankind.
1.1 PURPOSE OF THE STUDY
The purpose of this research work is to clearly understand the concept of automatic street light control system and such cleaning all assumptions or hypothetical beliefs which have not been experimentally prove and thus derive more value of the street lighting system.
1.2 OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY
The following are the objective of this research work.
- To ascertain the construction of an automatic street light.
- To specifically identity the various component of an automatic street light.
- To know the principles behind the construction of an automatic street light.
1.3 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
This study has the following significance.
- It would serve as a research material for other scholars or researcher who desire to further carry out research on this topic or on related topics.
1.4 SCOPE OF THE STUDY
The scope of this research covers only the construction of an automatic street lighting system
1.5 DEFINITION OF TERMS
The following are terms defined in respect of this project.
PHOTO-CONDUCTIVE CELLS: This device is also refers to as light dependent resistor (LDR), it is two terminal device of semi-conductor material. In darkness the resistance of the device is high usually about 10mΩ, when light fall on device, electron pairs are generated, its resistance decreases as the intensity of light increase.
RELAY CIRCUIT: A relay device or circuit is an electromagnetic device or solid state device operated by varying the input which in turn is used to control the other devices connected to its output.
FILTERING: A filter is a device used to eliminate or minimize the variation in the D.C voltage called ripple.
ZENER DIODE: In this type of diode, breakdown occurs at much lower and more precise voltage than ordinary diode, they are called Zener diode because they exhibit the Zener effect at particular form of voltage break down.
Full wave rectification: It is an improved method of rectification where by the load is made to receive D.C supply over the complete cycle of the alternative current.
TRANSISTOR: Transistor is semi-conductor device that can be employed to amplify an electrical signal.
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