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ABSTRACT
In this modern world everyone wants something new, something different, so instead of using a switch to ring the door bell just an alarm is produced by knocking the door which people feel more luxurious. The circuit of automatic alarm on knocking uses a thin piezoelectric plate, senses the vibration generated on knocking a surface (such as a door or a table) to activate the alarm and can also be used to safeguard motor vehicles. The piezoelectric plate is used as the sensor. It consist IC 555 Timer to which speaker is connected at the output. Piezoelectric material is used at the input in order to convert any mechanical vibration into electrical variation, it avoids false triggering. The plate can be fixed on a door, cash box, cupboard, etc using adhesive. A 1-1.5m long, shielded wire is connected between the sensor plate and the input of the circuit. A led is placed at the output of the IC 555 Timer. The circuit operates off a 9V or a 12V battery.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
TITLE PAGE:
TITLE PAGE:
APPROVAL PAGE ii
CERTIFICATION iii
DECLARATION iv
DEDICATION v
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT vi
ABSTRACT………………………………………………………………………………..vii
TABLE OF CONTENTS vii
CHAPTER ONE 1
INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 BACKGROUND OF STUDY 1
1.2 STATEMENT OF PROBLEM 3
1.3 OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY 4
1.4 SIGNIFICANCE OF STUDY 4
1.5 SCOPE OF STUDY 5
1.6 LIMITATIONS OF STUDY 5
CHAPTER TWO 6
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE 6
2.1 THEORETICAL FRAME WORK 6
2.2 DEFINITIONS/COMPONENTS USED 7
2.2.1 PIEZOELECTRIC SENSOR 7
2.2.2 AMPLIFIER 7
2.2.3 RECTIFIER 7
2.2.4 FILTER 8
2.2.5 555 TIMER 8
2.2.6 SPEAKER AND LED: 8
2.2.8 RESISTOR 9
2.2.9 TRANSISTOR 9
2.3 ALL PARTS/COMPONENTS USED 10
2.4 PREVIOUS WORK/STUDIES IN EXISTENCE 10
2.5 AS THEY RELATE TO OUR WORK/APPLICATION 11
CHAPTER THREE 12
METHODOLOGY 12
3.1 DEFINITION AND TYPES OF EXPERIMENT 12
3.2 CIRCUIT DIAGRAM 12
3.2.1 MEASUREMENT…………………………………………………………………15
3.3 WIRING DIAGRAM 15
3.4 PICTORIAL DIAGRAM 16
CHAPTER FOUR 18
TESTING, RESULT AND PRESENTATION 18
4.1 TEST AND TECHNIQUE APPLIED 18
4.2 RESULT OF ALL TEST 19
CHAPTER FIVE 20
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION 20
5.1 COSTING OF PROJECT MATERIAL 21
5.2 CONCLUSION………………………………………………………………….…23
5.3 RECOMMENDATIONS 23
5.4 REFERENCES 24
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF STUDY
Over the past 50 years piezoelectric sensors have proven to be a versatile tool for the measurement of various processes. Today, they are used for the determination of pressure, acceleration, strain or force in quality assurance, process control and development across many different industries.
Piezoelectric sensors rely on the piezoelectric effect, which was discovered by the Curie brothers in the late 19th century. While investigating a number of naturally occurring materials such as tourmaline and quartz, Pierre and Jacques Curie realized that these materials had the ability to transform energy of a mechanical input into an electrical output. More specifically, when a pressure [Piezo is the Greek word for pressure] is applied to a piezoelectric material, it causes a mechanical deformation and a displacement of charges. These charges are highly proportional to the applied pressure [Piezoelectricity].
Many creatures use an interesting application of piezoelectricity. Bones act as force sensors. Once loaded, bones produce charges proportional to their suiting internal torsion or displacement. These charges stimulate and drive the buildup of new bone material. This leads to the strengthening of structures where the internal displacements are the greatest. With time, this allows weaker structures to increase their strength and stability as material is laid down proportional to the forces affecting the bone.
From the Curies’ initial discovery, it took until the 1950‘s before the piezoelectric effect was used for industrial sensing applications. Since then, the utilization of this measuring principle has experienced a constant growth and can nowadays be regarded as a mature technology with an outstanding inherent reliability. It has been successfully used in various critical applications as for example in medical, aerospace and nuclear instrumentation.
1.2 STATEMENT OF PROBLEM
In this modern world everyone wants something new, something different, so instead of using a switch to ring the door bell just an alarm is produced by knocking the door which people feel more luxurious.
Security systems are designed for detecting the intrusion and unauthorized entry into the residential houses, commercial buildings, industries, and military surroundings. In our day-to-day life, security systems for home are a major concern to protect us from burglary, property, and self defense from intruders. Generally, security systems for home can be designed using different technologies. Alarm security systems for home, alarm security system integrated with closed-circuit television surveillance, and so on. Different types of security systems for home can be designed using different types of sensors such as motion sensors, sound sensors, vibration sensors, and so on.
1.3 OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY
To serve as protective shield against robbery attacks.
To be used as door bells.
To be used to safeguard motor vehicles.
To satisfy the needs of the users.
To ensure that every categories related to this study uses it conveniently.
To prove that this study reaches the standard of present security system.
1.4 SIGNIFICANCE OF STUDY
The findings of this study will be of benefit to the following groups:
Firstly to landlord, who build an open houses not only to understand what is involved in the security system of that building, but also why various rules have been laid down guiding the security system.
Secondly the generality of the public who uses security alarm system at home.
Lastly, this research work will help to determine the factors influencing the security alarm system as well as stimulating interest in the student to carry out further research on the topic.
1.5 SCOPE OF STUDY
The scope of study for this project is mainly implemented in solving security problem in residential locations such as Houses, Offices, Churches, and so on.
1.6 LIMITATIONS OF STUDY
- This circuit cannot be used in industries due to unmanageable passages and entrances.
- This circuit cannot be used in large buildings that employ emergency doors.
- The realization of this study is only applicable to urban communities and not rural entities.
- Due to large stray capacitance, high inductance of some connections and a relatively high and not very reproducible contact resistance, solderless breadboard are limited at relatively low frequencies, usually less than 10MHz, depending on the nature of the circuit.
Complete Material Cost #3,000
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