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ABSTRACT
Car immobilizer was constructed using 12V DC/75 Ah car Battery, Ignition switch, Spark plug, Ignition (spark plug) wires, High voltage voltmeter, 10µF/400V capacitor, High tension wires, Cutter, Vero board, Bread board, Soldering iron, soldering Lead When the switch (SW1) is turned on, the spark plug which delivers electric current from the ignition system to the combustion chamber is turned on. This only happens when the hidden switch (SW2), is also turned on. When only the ignition switch (SW1), is on and the hidden switch (SW2), is turned off, the switch cuts-off the coil’s high voltage from reaching the distributor and the spark plug and thus the car is prevented from starting. Similar situation occurs when the hidden switch (SW2) is closed and the ignition switch (SW1) is open. When ignition switch (SW1) is open, power supply to the ignition coil is cut-off and thus current flow from the 12V DC/75 Ah car immobilizer battery to the ignition coil is interrupted and voltage supply to the spark plug and the capacitor is also prevented.
CHAPTER 1
1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
Insecurity and crime constitute some of the major problems facing our immediate society today. People live with fear of being attacked by burglars, vandals and thieves. Despite all the effort, resources and time that have been devoted to the development of tools that will reduce crime rates and make the world a safer place to live, these problems are still on the increase (Aderibigbe, 2005).
These gave rise to the need for an increasing development in the technology of alarm systems which utilizes various principles such as infrared motion detection, light sensitive electronic devices and so on.
The safety of vehicles is extremely essential for every private and public vehicle owner. One of the major problems that motorists face is the robbery or theft of vehicles. It is also considered as one of the biggest fears of every vehicle owner aside from crashing (Rohitakshaet al., 2014).
An immobilizer is an electronic security device fitted to an automobile that prevents the engine from running unless the correct key or other token is present. A car immobilizer is a system that requires the presence of a security token which is often in the form of a key fob to allow a car to run. If this token is not present, the car’s Engine Control Unit (ECU) interrupts key components like the ignition, the starter motor circuit, or the fuel pump (Sheikh and Shushil, 2011).
The communication between car and key fob is typically done via Radio Frequency Infrared Identification (RFID), where the car is fitted with an RFID reader and the key fob contains an RFID tag.
Car security system has been very popular in recent times and widely used in most cars an automobiles owned by companies, business organization and even by some private individuals who can afford the cost. The most common automobile security system has been the manually operated demobilizer (Aderibigbe, 2005).
Few of the many automobile theft-prevention system allow a vehicle to start and temporarily run before disabling a critical component, such as the fuel or ignition system. This type of shut down sequence is not very confusing and the system could possibly be overcome by the thief (Powale and Zade, 2014).
Key-based immobiliser systems consist of four main components. The core of the system is the transponder, which is a battery-less device that is available in various form factors and with different functionalities. For operation, the transponder has to be supplied with energy from an external source (Jayendra1 et al., 2007; Amusaet al., 2012).
The transceiver generates a high frequency magnetic field which is radiated by an antenna coil. The energy activates the transponder and it sends a data stream in form of a modulated Radio Frequency signal. This signal is demodulated by the transceiver and then passed to the controller for data processing (Jayendra1 et al., 2007).
Traditional car security systems rely on many sensors. Door sensor senses the locking and unlocking of the door. If any duplicate key is used, it sends the appropriate signal to the controller. But if the key is designed in similar to that of the original key, then the sensor fails to differentiate (Zungeruet al., 2012).
With the development and applications of many embedded techniques, car security system design and analyses are constantly improving. Many new techniques, such as biometric recognition technique, image processing technique, communication technique and so on, have been integrated into car security systems (Patil and Sardeshmukh, 2014).
1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
During a short time-frame the automotive industry developed various systems to prevent thieves from entering and/or starting the vehicle. The methods chosen vary from country to country depending on consumer preferences.
The rate of increase in car theft in this part of the world has reached an alarming rate. In the rave of this development, engineers in this country have been performing researches aimed at providing a lasting solution to this prevalent act.
As technological knowhow is on the increase, so also are those of criminals and die hard professional thieves who beat existing car security gadgets to carry out their notorious activity. One advantage such criminals enjoy is the inability of existing car security gadgets to establish communication between the car and its owner from the exact instant of intrusion. This gives criminals ample time to deactivate the car security.
Unfortunately, car theft has been so frequent, and in some cases dangerous too, that the requirement of advanced car security system has been fundamental. With the advancement of technology in car securities, ways of car stealing has been developed too.
Even with the introduction of touch sensitive alarm systems which have reduced greatly the level of insecurity, there is still a problem of false alarm which needs to be minimized. So a package of different types of security will ensure higher safety and protection against thefts. This has been the key motivation of this research as it will help enhance cars with strict guarding.
1.3 SCOPE OF THE STUDY
This research is restricted to the construction of a car immobilizer
1.4 AIM AND OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
1.4.1 AIM OF THE STUDY
The aim of this research is to construct a car immobilizer
1.4.2 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
The objectives of this research are;
i. To construct a simple car immobilizer
ii. To test the efficiency of the constructed car immobilizer
iii. To evaluate the usefulness of car immobilizers
iv. To identify howthe immobilizers contribute to car security
v. To suggest the use of car immobilizers on the basis of this evaluation
1.5 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
This research will provide the following benefits;
i. It will educate the public on the functions of a car immobilizer.
ii. It will help in understanding the way and how a car immobilizer works.
iii. It will enlighten the public on the various importance of car security as regards the use of car immobilizer.
iv. It help understand the basic components of the car security system, especially the car immobilizer.
v. It will encourage the involvement of a car security system.
vi. It will help to reduce the level of car theft on the basis of enhanced car security.
vii. It will serve as a baseline for further research.
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