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Abstract
This research seeks to examine the relationship between training and development on workers commitment. In this study therefore, we have employed the survey study design that is cross sectional. Results of the study will now form the basis for generalization. The population of the study consist of the staff of Spar Port Harcourt. From the researchers statistics, there are 120 employees in spar. Using the Taro Yemen formular the researcher arrived at 96 respondents making the sample of the study. The structure questionnaire was used to collect data from respondents for this study. This study utilizes both descriptive and inferential statistics. Mainly, the chi- square statistical tool is adopted, to ascertain the level of correlation between the independent variable and the dependent variable. The descriptive statistics was used to describe the demographic information of respondents. Ultimately, the chi-square tool is a non-parametric tool. The study concluded that training and development has an effect on workers’ commitment in the organization. Based on the findings, the following recommendations amongst other are made: That management should emphasize frequent training of employees to enhance skill development; since training and development has a positive effect on workers commitment and that management should ensure continued and adequate supply of relevant knowledge and skill to the employees.
Table of Contents
TITLE PAGE i
COVER PAGE ii
Certification iii
Dedication iv
Abstract v
Acknowledgements vi
List of Tables ix
List of Figures x
CHAPTER 1 1
INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 Background of the Study 1
1.2 Statement of the Problem: 3
1.3 Objectives of the Study: 4
1.4 Research Questions: 4
1.5 Research Hypotheses 4
1.6 Significance of the Study 5
1.7 Scope/Delimitation of the Study 5
1.8 Definition of Terms: 6
CHAPTER 2 7
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE 7
2.1 Conceptual Framework 7
2.1.1 Concept of Training and Development 7
2.1.2 Dimensions of Training and Development: 13
2.1.3 Concept of Workers’ Commitment 14
2.1.4 Measures of Workers’ Commitment 15
2.1.5 Training and Development and Workers Commitment 16
2.2 Theoretical Framework 18
2.2.1 Human Capital Theory 18
2.3 Empirical Framework 19
CHAPTER 3 22
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 22
3.1 Research Design 22
3.2 Population of the Study 22
3.3 Sample and Sampling Techniques 23
3.4 Methods of Data Collection 24
3.5 Method of Data Analysis 25
3.6 Questionnaire Design 25
3.7 Data Analytical Techniques 25
3.8 Reliability and Validity 26
CHAPTER 4 27
DATA PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS 27
4.1 Data Collection and Presentation 27
Table 4.1: Questionnaire Administration and Retrieval 27
4.2 Data Analysis 28
Table 4.2: showing the age of respondents 28
Table 4.3: Showing the Gender/Sex of Respondents 28
Table 4.5: Showing the Marital Status of Respondents 29
4.3 Hypotheses Testing 31
4.3 Discussion of Findings 35
CHAPTER 5 37
SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 37
5.1 Summary 37
5.2 Conclusions 37
5.3 Recommendations 37
References 39
Appendix II 47
List of Tables
Table 4.2: showing the age of respondents 28
Table 4.3: Showing the Gender/Sex of Respondents 28
Table 4.5: Showing the Marital Status of Respondents 29
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the Study
Commitment is dedication to a particular organization, cause, or belief, and a willingness to get involved. Workers commitment is the state or quality of being dedicated to a cause or activity. It is an engagement or obligation that restricts freedom of action. Workers Commitment is conceived in the three forms identified in literature, as affective, continuance, and normative commitment (Khan, 2013). Workers commitment is a condition in which an employee recognizes himself/herself with a particular organization and its objectives, and wants to remain its participant. A study recommends that workers commitment guides to lesser degrees of both absenteeism and turnover (Khan et al, 2009). One way an employee can be committed is through training and development. Training and development represents an area within human resources practices that can have a significant impact on workers commitment to the organization. The practices employed by organizations helps to enhance employee skills and commitment hence increases employee commitment (Sacks, 2001). Training and development is one of the modern management approaches in human resources management. Emerging literatures have shown that the investment in human capital such as training is positively related to organizational commitment. That is, training is expected to reduce turnover, and increase workers commitment, which will result in longer employment duration.
Training & development increases the workers commitment like the researcher said in his research that training & development is an important activity to increase the commitment of health sector organization (Iftikhar Ahmad and Siraj-ud-din, 2009).Another researcher said that employee commitment is the important factor and the building block which increases the workers commitment of overall organization. Employee commitment depends on many factors like job satisfaction, knowledge and management but there is relatinship between traning and workers commitment (Amisano, 2010).This shows that employee commitment is important for the commitment of the organizationand the and the traning & and development is beneficial for the employee to improve. (Sitienei, Egessa & Owano, 2015), argue that investing in training constitutes a powerful signaling device to reassure employees that they are valued by their employers, which in turn enhances their commitments to the organization. Training has been a subject of debate with various functions and definitions given to it. To some training is the ability of an organization to develop skills and knowledge to do present and future job (Guest 1997) and to others it is an important employee motivator (Barret & O‟Connell 2001). Different literatures have suggested that the development of a firm‟s human capital can provide a sustainable source of competitive advantage for the firm (Olson and Schwab, 2004).
Investment by the organization in employee training is intended to send a commitment message to its employees that individual development is a valued goal of the organization (McElroy, 2001). Training is used to enhance specific skills and correct commitment issues to empower employees with the skills needed for the current and future job requirement (Gold, 2001). The levels of training and development activities among the employees influence employee commitment (Ivancevich 2010), in the sense that the employees are provided with skills and knowledge on commitment of their jobs. In a study done by Buck and Watson (2002) on commitment of HR practices like decentralization, compensation, participation, training and development, employment security, social interaction, management styles, communication and commitment appraisal among the Higher Education staff in Pakistan and the results revealed that training and development increases employee commitment. This finding is similar to the findings by Imran (2012) who did a study on Human resource management practices on organization support, communication, training /development, compensation, organizational climate, work life policies, career development opportunities and empowerment on employee commitment among the service sector employees in Nigeria. The findings indicated that training and development were significantly related to employee commitment.
1.2 Statement of the Problem:
Training and development play a vital role in any organization today. Spar is one of the fastest growing mall in Rivers State. It is also among the top-job creating sector because its labor intensive nature and the significant multiplier effect on employment in other related sectors. There are various forms of training carried out in Spar, Port Harcourt; this study however seeks to examine how the various training has helped in developing staffs and also improving their commitment on the job. Debra and Ofori (2001) explained that despite the increasing effects on training of organizational employees, there is still limited literature on human resource development issues in developing countries. Despite the fact that training and development is well planned and systematic in Spar, Port Harcourt, it still have issues of employees still not performing up to standard operating procedure in the work environment. Some of the employees have not enhanced their skills and abilities to enable them to be effective and efficient on their job duties. Overtime, there have been complaints from the management and some of the clients about some employees‟ commitment and attitude towards the job, it has however been an issue to ponder on that despite several training undergone in the organization there are still some employees that their level of commitment to work has not improved. The motive behind this study is to understand and know the reasons why training and development do not have any impact on some workers commitment in Spar, Port Harcourt, Rivers State.
1.3 Objectives of the Study:
The main objective of this study is to examine the relationship between training and development on employee commitment.
In specific terms, the study seeks to:
1. Examine the relationship between off-the job training and workers’ commitment in Spar, Port Harcourt.
2. Examine the relationship between on-the job training and workers’ commitment in Spar, Port Harcourt.
3. Examine the relationship between delivery style and workers’ commitment in Spar, Port Harcourt.
1.4 Research Questions:
1. To what extent does off-the job training influences workers’ commitment in Spar, Port Harcourt?
2. To what extent does on-the job training influences workers’ commitment in Spar, Port Harcourt?
3. To what extent does delivery style influences workers’ commitment in Spar, Port Harcourt?
1.5 Research Hypotheses
HO1: There is no significant relationship between off-the job training and workers’ commitment in Spar, Port Harcourt.
HO2: There is no significant relationship between on-the job training and workers’ commitment in Spar, Port Harcourt.
HO3: There is no significant relationship between delivery style and workers’ commitment in Spar, Port Harcourt.
1.6 Significance of the Study
The study will serve as guide to the management of Spar Port Harcourt as a whole in determining the best way of getting the best output from their employees who are presently demoralized in the face of the prevailing socio-economic hardship.
The study is also aimed at contributing to the literature in human resource management particularly with reference to training and development in an organization. In addition, this work after completion will aid and provide a guide to students who has interest to this study through the provision of related literature.
1.7 Scope/Delimitation of the Study
This study is delimited in two aspects: contextually and geographically. Contextually, the study is delimited to examining the relationship between training and development and employee commitment. The independent variable, training and development is measured by off-the job training, on-the job training and service delivery while the dependent variable, employee commitment is measured by affective, continuous and normative commitment as it measures.
Also, geographically speaking, the research is delimited to staffs in Spar, Port Harcourt to ascertain their response on the extent to which training and development has necessitates their commitment in the organisation.
The major limitation of the study is the short time frame the research lasted, coupled with the tight academic time table, which prevented a very comprehensive study. The fund available to the researcher was also limited and therefore the study was limited to a small portion of the survey population. Another limitation is the difficulties, encountered by the researcher in obtaining all needed information and materials from the right source and compilation of data for the project.
1.8 Definition of Terms:
Development: this is the systematic use of scientific and technical knowledge to meet specific objectives or requirements.
Employee commitment: this is simply employees’ attitude to organization.
On-The-Job Training: it is the kind of training that takes place while doing the job.
Off-The-Job Training: This method of training takes place outside the organization.
Training: this is the act that involves growing the knowledge and skill level of an employee in order to perform a specific job”.
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