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Abstract
In this study, the design and implementation of Temperature controlled fan regulator is proposed. Home Automation is a budding technology. Modern homes are becoming Smart Homes. These homes are progressively shifting from conventional switches to a centralized control system. At present, conventional wall switches located in different parts of the house make it difficult for the user to go near them to operate. Furthermore, it becomes more difficult for the elderly or physically handicapped people to do so. The system incorporates a microcontroller and DS18B20 temperature which is used to monitor the room temperature and control the fan speed through a triac according to the ambient room temperature.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
APPROVAL PAGE ii
CERTIFICATION iii
DECLARATION iv
DEDICATION v
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT vi
ABSTRACT vii
TABLE OF CONTENTS viii
CHAPTER ONE 1
INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 BACKGROUND OF STUDY 1
1.2 STATEMENT OF PROBLEM 2
1.3 OBJECTIVE OF STUDY 2
1.4 SIGNIFICANCE OF STUDY 2
1.5 SCOPE OF STUDY 3
1.6 LIMITATION OF STUDY 3
CHAPTER TWO 4
LITERATURE REVIEW 4
2.0 INTRODUCTION 4
2.1. RESISTOR 4
2.2. TYPES OF RESISTORS 5
2.3. FIXED VALUE RESISTOR 5
2.4. VARIABLE RESISTOR (RHEOSTAT) 6
2.5. VARIABLE RESISTOR (POTENTIOMETER) 6
2.6. VARIABLE RESISTOR (PRESET) 6
2.7. CAPACITOR 7
2.8. TYPES OF CAPACITORS 7
2.9. CERAMIC CAPACITOR 7
2.10. ELECTROLYTIC CAPACITOR 8
2.11. TANTALUM CAPACITOR 9
2.12. SILVER MICA CAPACITOR 9
2.13. POLYSTYRENE FILM CAPACITOR 10
2.14. POLYESTER FILM CAPACITOR 10
2.15. METALLIZED POLYESTER FILM CAPACITOR 11
2.16. POLYCARBONATE CAPACITOR 11
2.17. POLYPROPYLENE CAPACITOR 12
2.18. DIODES 13
2.19. TYPES OF DIODE 13
2.20. AVALANCHE DIODE 13
2.21. CRYSTAL DIODE 14
2.22. CONSTANT CURRENT DIODE 14
2.23. TUNNEL DIODE 15
2.24. PIN DIODE 15
2.25. ZENER DIODE 16
2.26. PHOTO DIODE 16
2.27. LIGHT EMITTING DIODE 16
2.28. RECTIFIER DIODE 17
2.29. TRANSISTOR 17
2.30. DIFFERENT TYPES OF TRANSISTORS 18
2.31. BIPOLAR JUNCTION TRANSISTOR (BJT) 19
2.32. FIELD EFFECT TRANSISTOR 20
2.33. DARLINGTON TRANSISTOR 21
2.34. SCHOTTKY TRANSISTOR 21
2.35. MULTIPLE-EMITTER TRANSISTOR 22
2.36. DUAL GATE MOSFET 23
2.37. JUNCTION FET TRANSISTOR 23
2.38. TRANSISTOR APPLICATIONS 24
2.39. TRANSFORMER 25
2.40. POWER TRANSFORMER 26
2.5 MOC3021 OPTOCOUPLER 26
2.5.1 FEATURES 26
2.5.2 APPLICATIONS 27
2.6 CRYSTAL OSCILLATOR 27
2.7 AT89C51 MICROCONTROLLER 28
2.7.1 FEATURES 29
2.8 TRIAC 30
2.9 TRANSISTOR 31
2.9.1 DIFFERENT TYPES OF TRANSISTORS 32
2.9.1.1BIPOLAR JUNCTION TRANSISTOR (BJT) 32
2.9.1.2 FIELD EFFECT TRANSISTOR 33
2.9.1.3 DARLINGTON TRANSISTOR 34
2.9.1.4 SCHOTTKY TRANSISTOR 35
2.9.1.5 MULTIPLE-EMITTER TRANSISTOR 35
2.9.1.6 DUAL GATE MOSFET 36
2.9.1.7 JUNCTION FET TRANSISTOR 37
2.9.2 TRANSISTOR APPLICATIONS 37
2.10 DS18B20 38
2.10.1 SPECIFICATIONS 38
2.11 7805 VOLTAGE REGULATOR 39
2.11.1 FEATURES 40
2.11.2 APPLICATIONS 40
CHAPTER THREE 41
METHODOLOGY 41
3.0 DEFINITION AND TYPE OF EXPERIMENT 41
3.1 PROJECT CIRCUIT DIAGRAM 42
3.1.1 MICRO CONTROLLER CIRCUIT 43
2.4.1 CONNECTIONS: 44
3.4.2 OPERATION: 44
3.4.3 ZERO CROSS DETECTOR AND POWER SUPPLY UNIT WAVE FORM 45
CHAPTER FOUR 46
PRESENTATION, TESTING AND RESULT 46
4.1 OBSERVATIONS MADE BEFORE MOUNTING 46
4.2 OBSERVATION AND DECISION MADE AFTER COMPLETING THE CIRCUIT DESIGN 46
4.3 SOLDER 47
4.3.1 SAFETY PRECAUTION 47
4.3.2 WHY SOLDERING WAS APPLIED 48
4.3.3 THE SOLDER GAUGE 48
4.4 MODE OF CASING 48
4.5 TESTING AND RESULT 48
CHAPTER FIVE 49
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS 49
5.1 CONCLUSION 49
5.2 RECOMMENDATION 49
5.3 NEED FOR FURTHER IMPROVEMENT 49
APPENDIX 50
REFERENCE 51
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF STUDY
The idea or concept of first smart home has explored in science fiction for decades. The originally first smart home was not actual architecture but only an idea. Although the concept of smart home automation has been around for quite a long time, but an actual smart home has only established a short time. The invention of home appliances such as a television with a remote control which Is a simple home automation system was patented in 1893 Other than that, more home appliances have been invented since that. In early 2000, the popularity of smart home automation began to increase due to different of technology started to arise. Smart home automation turns into a more affordable choice and therefore a viable or available technology for consumers. With the uprising of the prestige of smart home, home networking, domestic technologies and other gadgets began to emerge on store shelves. Today’s smart home automation are more emphasize about smart living, living greener and security. Our smart home is sustainable and it ensures that our home is not utilizing unnecessary energy. In addition, the smart home also can prevent any intruders by alerting us with alarm or send any signal to us through smartphone related application. The current trend in smart home automation includes automated lights, remotely mobile control, remote video surveillance and receiving notifications of mobile, email and text for the future of smart home automation, the prediction or prophecy that the smart home’s future will be similar to what we have seen in the animated series which is everything in digital.
1.2 STATEMENT OF PROBLEM
As humans, some we forget to turn on our devices when we ought to and most times we turn them on but fail to turn them off because we forgot or because we were to tired and couldn’t stand up from our current position. Leaving our appliance on when it’s not supposed to be ON ends up leading to high electricity bills or even leading to the destruction pf our home appliances. The issue of power failure in Nigeria is so bad that we sleep with all our appliances on without realizing it and when power resumes at the dead of the night, it becomes a problem to stand up and turn the necessary things OFF but rather leaver us with the wish that we can do magic to turn them OFF without getting to stand up.
1.3 OBJECTIVE OF STUDY
The objective of this project is to design programmable microcontroller base home automating system which will enable us to automatically turn ON/OFF, increase and decrease the speed of our FAN (standing and ceiling fan) based on the ambient temperature.
1.4 SIGNIFICANCE OF STUDY
Home automated is developed to make life more relaxed for people as well as easier. If a house has this set up entrepreneurs do not even have to turn a change to turn on lighting when they return. It is all automated.This program takes away a wide range of initiatives from people. Equipment and other electric powered gadgets, such as program, home appliances and lighting are all instantly control and people do not have to have a hand in it. This is becoming quite popular in the corporate world such as different production companies for a wide range of products vehicles and notebooks, for example. It helps the market operate more effectively. House automated is beginning to be used as well. Using a home automated program is similar to those used in market, yet varies somewhat in the set up. It gives property entrepreneurs less work in handling the property. Houses have a variety of technological innovation components such as security and warming systems. Using a house automated program will help increase the use of appliances. Even small gadgets can be used with home automated. The stereo, stereo system, TV, computer systems and satellite can also connect with the program.
1.5 SCOPE OF STUDY
The system monitors the ambient room temperature and controls the connected fan accordingly. When the room temperature increases, the fan speed increases and vice versa, when the temperature in critically low, it automatically turns OFF the fan.
1.6 LIMITATION OF STUDY
- The system can only be controlled automatically or manually.
- The system can only power a fan with a maximum of 10Amps, anything greater than that will damage the system.
- The system does not support any form of remote function.
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