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Abstract
This study ,examines the relationship between conflict strategies and Organizational sustainability of Agip Oil Company Port Harcourt, Rivers State in selected hospitality Firms in Rivers State. The main purpose of the study is to examined the relationship between avoiding strategy and organizational sustainability of Agip Oil Company Port Harcourt, Rivers State, to determine the relationship between collaborating strategy and organizational sustainability of Agip Oil Company Port Harcourt, Rivers State and to ascertain the relationship between accommodating and organizational sustainability of Agip Oil Company Port Harcourt, Rivers State. In course of caring out the study, the primary and secondary data sourcing method were adopted. The primary data has to do with structure and unstructured questionnaire personally interview and observation while secondary has to do with existing text, material on subject matter, journals corporate magazine, internet and library. The population of the study is 120. The sample size of ninety six (96) respondents was drawn from using the Taro Yemen formula while. The finding of the study revealed that there is no significant relationship between conflict strategies and Organizational sustainability of Agip Oil Company Port Harcourt, Rivers State. Base on the finding it is recommended that the universal declaration governed by industrial conflict strategies on the premise management of organization should ensure and equitable treatments of employees, the support of any organization is dependent on the level of human capital sustainability. It behaves management to treat the intellectual capital as being rather than as robot and organization should bureaucratic bottle neck in terms of promoting the employee welfare.
Table of Contents
Title Page i
Cover Page ii
Declaration iii
Certification iv
Dedication v
Acknowledgements vi
Abstract vii
Table of Contents viii
List of Tables x
List of Figures xi
CHAPTER 1 1
INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 Background to the Study 1
1.2 Statement of the Problem 4
1.3 Objectives of the Study 5
1.4 Research Question 5
1.5 Research Hypotheses 6
1.6 Significant of the Study 6
1.7 Scope/Delimitation of the Study 7
1.8 Definition of Related Terms 8
CHAPTER 2 10
LITERATURE REVIEW 10
2.1 Conceptual Framework 10
2.1.1 Concept of Industrial conflict strategies 11
2.1.2 Dimensions of Industrial conflict strategies 21
Collaborating Strategy 22
2.1.3 Concept of Organizational sustainability 22
2.1.4 Measures of Organizational sustainability 24
2.1.5 The Relationship between Industrial conflict strategies and Organizational sustainability 27
2.2 Theoretical Framework 28
2.3 Empirical Review 30
CHAPTER 3 35
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 35
3.1 Research Design 35
3.2 Population of the Study 36
3.3 Sampling Techniques 36
3.4 Sample Size Determination 37
3.5 Source and Method of Data Collection 38
3.6 Methods of Data Collection 39
3.7 Questionnaire Design 41
3.8 Data Analytical Techniques 41
3.9 Reliability and Validity 42
CHAPTER 4 44
DATA PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS 44
4.1 Data Collection and Presentation 44
4.2 Data Analysis 45
4.3 Hypotheses Testing 49
Test Statistics 50
Test Statistics 52
Test Statistics 53
4.3 Discussion of Findings 54
CHAPTER 5 57
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION 57
5.1 Summary 57
5.2 Conclusion 57
References 59
Appendix I 65
Appendix II 66
List of Tables
Table 4.2: showing the age of respondents Error! Bookmark not defined.
Table 4.3: Showing the Gender/Sex of Respondents Error! Bookmark not defined.
Table 4.5: Showing the Marital Status of Respondents Error! Bookmark not defined.
Table 4.6: Conflict avoiding strategy and organizational sustainability of Agip Oil Company Port Harcourt, Rivers State hospitality industry in Rivers State Error! Bookmark not defined.
Table 4.4: Showing the Educational Qualification of the Respondents Error! Bookmark not defined.
Table 4.7: Collaborating strategy and organizational sustainability of Agip Oil Company Port Harcourt, Rivers State hospitality industry in Rivers State Error! Bookmark not defined.
Table 4.8: Accommodating strategy influences organizational sustainability of Agip Oil Company Port Harcourt, Rivers State hospitality industry in Rivers State Error! Bookmark not defined.
Table 4.1: Questionnaire Administration and Retrieval Error! Bookmark not defined.
Test Statistics Error! Bookmark not defined.
Test Statistics Error! Bookmark not defined.
Test Statistics Error! Bookmark not defined.
List of Figures
2.1.5 The Relationship between Industrial conflict strategies and Organizational sustainability of Agip Oil Company Port Harcourt, Rivers State 27
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background to the Study
Organizational sustainability is an approach that creates long-term stakeholder value by implementing a business strategy that considers every dimension of how a business operates in the ethical, social, environmental, cultural, and economic spheres. It also formulates strategies to build a company that fosters longevity through transparency and proper employee development. Organizational sustainability is an evolution on more traditional phrases describing ethical corporate practice. The phrase is derived from two keys sources. This desire to grow without damaging future generations’ prospects is becoming more and more central to business philosophies. One way an organization can perform is through industrial conflict strategies. Conflict occurs between people in all kinds of human relationships and in all social settings. Because of the wide range of potential differences among people, the absence of conflict usually signals the absence of meaningful interaction. Conflict by itself is neither good nor bad. However, the manner in which conflict is handled determines whether it is constructive or destructive (Deutsch and Coleman, 2000).
Conflict is defined as an incompatibility of goals or values between two or more parties in a relationship, combined with attempts to control each other and antagonistic feelings toward each other (Fisher, 1990). The incompatibility or difference may exist in reality or may only be perceived by the parties involved. Nonetheless, the opposing actions and the hostile emotions are very real hallmarks of human conflict. Therefore, it is essential to understand the basic processes of conflict so that; we can work to maximize productive outcomes and minimize destructive ones. This review describes some common sources of conflict, the nature of conflicts in modern organizations, and the general strategies of approaching conflict that are available.
Robbins and Judge (2009) defined conflict as ‘’ a process that begins where one party perceives that another party has negatively affected, or is about to negatively affect something that the first party cares about’’. This is a very apt definition, emphasizing that conflict is about perceptions, not necessarily real hard facts. It points to the emotional nature of conflict, by referring to a word like ‘’care’’, it states that more than one party is involved and that there may be a future component attached to it.
Shapiro (2006) in relation to the above states that, conflict is a process of social interaction. It involves a struggle over claims to resources, power, status, beliefs, preferences and desires. Darling and Walker (2007) linked this idea to the organization by stating that, even when conflict is a natural phenomenon in social relations (as natural as harmony), it can nevertheless be managed within organizations. They add that conflict may have both positive as well as negative consequences within the organization, the submission above blend with the fact that, conflict can never be totally eliminated within organizations but can be efficiently managed in order to move organizations to greater height and sustainability level.
Organizations, be it public or private, small or big exist essentially to achieve certain economic social or political objectives. These objectives may be in form of profit making, provision of services production of goods and increases in sales turnover etc. however these objectives can only be achieved when human resources are employed to utilize other resources such as raw materials, machineries, money and information. (George and Jones 1996) organization is made up of different people with different attitude, beliefs, abilities and personality therefore a conflict is inevitable.
There is no organization that can effectively carry out its day to day activities without encountering some form of conflict. From the foregoing therefore, the study seeks to examine the relationship between industrial conflict strategies and organizational sustainability of Agip Oil Company Port Harcourt, Rivers State of hospitality firms hospitality industry in Rivers State.
1.2 Statement of the Problem
Expanding industrial activities have been ascribed incompletely as casualisation of specialists (Kalejaiye, 2014). Taking the hospitality firms as a case, as related to the extent to which the issue can be seen.
Considering the impart of conflict in an organization and how people view the concept it becomes imperative for such a research work to be carried out in order to help organization in the formation of appropriate resolution strategies. This study also seeks to explain the effectiveness of conflict in organization and also the harmony available in managing the conflict. Numerous organizations in Nigeria are tormented by a bunch of issues and illnesses created by wasteful and incapable administrative style or strained relationship amongst administrators and the worker’s party (Fapohunda, 2012). It is against these problems that, this study empirically evaluates the relationship between industrial conflict strategies and organizational sustainability of Agip Oil Company Port Harcourt, Rivers State of hospitality firms hospitality industry in Rivers State.
1.3 Objectives of the Study
The main objective of the study is to examine the relationship between industrial conflict strategies and organizational sustainability of Agip Oil Company Port Harcourt, Rivers State. The specific objectives of the study are to:
1. Examine the relationship between avoiding strategy and organizational sustainability of Agip Oil Company Port Harcourt, Rivers State.
2. Determine the relationship between collaborating strategy and organizational sustainability of Agip Oil Company Port Harcourt, Rivers State.
3. Ascertain the relationship between accommodating and organizational sustainability of Agip Oil Company Port Harcourt, Rivers State.
1.4 Research Question
The following research questions were proposed to guide the study.
1. Does conflict avoiding strategy associate with organizational sustainability of Agip Oil Company Port Harcourt, Rivers State?
2. To what extent does collaborating strategy influences organizational sustainability of Agip Oil Company Port Harcourt, Rivers State?
3. Does accommodating strategy influences organizational sustainability of Agip Oil Company Port Harcourt, Rivers State?
1.5 Research Hypotheses
The following research hypotheses were formulated to guide the study;
H01: There is no significant relationship between avoiding strategy and organizational sustainability of Agip Oil Company Port Harcourt, Rivers State.
H02: There is no significant relationship between collaborating strategy and organizational sustainability of Agip Oil Company Port Harcourt, Rivers State.
H03: There is no significant relationship between accommodating and organizational sustainability of Agip Oil Company Port Harcourt, Rivers State.
1.6 Significant of the Study
The relevant of this study rest in the importance to stakeholders in the organization. This study will assist organizational managers on the tools techniques to employ in managing conflict in their respective organizations in the hospitality industries. This study is pertinent to trade unionist in their respective organizations. This study is justified because it will assist in the stability and relative profitability in the organization particularly in the period of economic recession. This study will also contribute in enriching the literature in industrial relations particularly in management sciences in general.
1.7 Scope/Delimitation of the Study
The study is delimited under the following headings; content scope, geographical scope and unit of analysis.
Content Scope: The content of this study involves on investigation to ascertain the relationship between industrial conflict strategies and organizational sustainability of Agip Oil Company Port Harcourt, Rivers State of hospitality Firms hospitality industry in Rivers State.
Geographical Scope: This study is delimited to organizational sustainability of Agip Oil Company Port Harcourt, Rivers State of hospitality Firms hospitality industry in Rivers State.
Unit of Analysis: The unit of analysis involved the staff at the terms of carrying this study. The scope of this study is to ascertain the relationship between industrial conflict strategies and organizational sustainability of Agip Oil Company Port Harcourt, Rivers State.
In carrying out an investigation of this nature the researcher must of necessity be faced with some constraints.
Firstly, the time constraints, the time frame provided for this study was short.
Secondly, Financial constraints. Usually, a study of this nature involved some level of expenditure therefore; finance was also a limiting factor.
Thirdly, Poor response from the respondent and inability to access the entire population of the study. In the next segment significance of the study will be discussed and lastly, poor measurement instrument.
1.8 Definition of Related Terms
Accommodation
It involves giving in to the other’s wishes or smoothing the choppy waves of a conflict. It is seen as the process by which people change their language behavior to be more or less similar to that of the people with whom they are interacting.
Avoidance
This study argues that “avoidance” in some instances, be recognized as an active form of industrial conflict strategies.Thus, avoidance is a maladaptive form of coping that involves changing our behavior to try to avoid thinking or feeling things that are uncomfortable.
Collaboration
Collaboration is the process of two or more people or organizations working together to complete a task or achieve a goal.
Management
The process of dealing with or controlling things or people. Management includes the activities of setting the strategy of an organization and coordinating the efforts of its employees (or of volunteers) to accomplish its objectives through the application of available resources, such as financial, natural, technological, and human resources.
Sustainability
Sustainability means meeting our own needs without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. In addition to natural resources, we also need social and economic resources.
Incompatibility
The condition of two things being so different in nature as to be incapable of coexisting. The fact that two things are so different that they cannot both happen, be correct, or be accepted at the same time