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ABSTRACT
This study examined and investigates Employee Motivation and Organization Productivity (A Study of Selected Oil Firms in Rivers State). The research instruments used in collection of data for this study included the questionnaire containing structured questions personal interviews and personal observation. Equally secondary information were collected through textbooks, journals, magazines and newspapers etc. descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data to this study a sample of 313 staff from 3 selected commercial Banks in Port Harcourt was drawn for the study for which the sample element consisted of both junior and senior staff of the 3 selected commercial banks. According 133 copies of questionnaire were administered to the staff of the selected commercial banks in Port Harcourt of the 133 copies of questionnaire administered 120 (i.e. 90.20% response rate) copies were retrieved and were found useful for data analysis. The study found that these banks utilize various human capital development programmes. Majority of respondents agreed that the incidence of using human capital development scheme increases job performance and organizational productivity some of the problems encountered include: lack of response from respondents and time consuming professional and time taken in finding materials. Also revealed is the fact that human capital development has relationship with the bank’s productivity. The study therefore recommends that public organizations should encourage employers/employees to participate in the decision making relating to their development. Employees should be involved in the human capital development programmes of the organization.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
TITLE PAGE:
CERTIFICATION ii
DEDICATION iii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT iv
ABSTRACT v
TABLE OF CONTENTS vi
CHAPTER ONE 1
1.0 INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY 1
1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM 3
1.3 OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY 4
1.4 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY 5
1.5 RESEARCH QUESTIONS 5
1.6 RESEARCH HYPOTHESIS 6
1.7 SCOPE OF THE STUDY 6
1.8 LIMITATION OF THE STUDY 7
1.9 DEFINITION OF TERMS 7
CHAPTER TWO 9
2.0 REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE 9
2.1 WHAT IS PERSONAL SELLING 9
2.2 HOW PERSONAL SELLING PROCESS HELP IN THE DISTRIBUTION OF ANTIRETROVIRAL DRUGS IN RIVERS STATE 12
2.3 GROWING IMPORTANCE OF PERSONAL SELLING 15
2.4 HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF ANTIRETROVIRALS IN HIV/AIDS 16
2.5 TYPES OF PERSONAL SELLING 19
2.6 THE CHALLENGES FACING ANTIRETROVIRAL DRUGS IN NIGERIA 24
2.7 DIFFERENT CLASSES OF ANTIRETROVIRAL DRUGS: PRICING AND AVAILABILITY OF HIV DRUGS IN NIGERIA 27
2.8 THE IMPACT OF PERSONAL SELLING IN THE DISTRIBUTION OF ANTIRETROVIRAL DRUGS IN RIVERS STATE 28
2.9 THE BENEFIT FOR THE USE OF ANTIRETROVIRAL TO PEOPLE LIVING WITH
CHAPTER THREE 33
3.0 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 33
3.1 RESEARCH DESIGN 33
3.2 POPULATION OF THE STUDY 34
3.3 SAMPLE SIZE AND SAMPLING TECHNIQUES 34
3.4 METHODS OF DATA COLLECTION TECHNIQUES 36
3.5 RESEARCH INSTRUMENTS 36
3.6 METHOD OF DATA ANALYSIS/TEST STASTISTICS 37
3.7 DECISION RULE 38
REFERENCES 39
CHAPTER FOUR 40
4.0 DATA PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION 40
4.1 PRESENTATION OF QUESTIONNAIRES, RESPONSE RATE OR QUESTIONNAIRE ADMINISTRATION AND RETRIEVAL 40
4.2 ANALYSIS OF RESPONSES 43
4.3 DATA PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION 52
4.4 TESTING OF HYPOTHESIS 58
REFERENCES 62
CHAPTER FIVE 63
5.0 DISCUSSION OF FINDINGS 63
5.1 SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION 67
5.2 SUMMARY 67
5.3 CONCLUSION 69
5.4 RECOMMENDATION 71
REFERENCES 72
BIBLIOGRAPHY 73
APPENDIX I 75
APPENDIX II 76
CHAPTER ONE
1. 1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
Managerially speaking, one of the problems faced by managers) of the 21 century is that which concerns motivating employees to inform assigned duties in other to meet set goals and objectives. Activation is the strengthen force that instigate or compel and sustains behaviour. Human behaviours are motivation directed and goal directed.
Motivating employees in any given organization for the success of that organization for affective productivity is not usually easy, but the success of any given motivational effort depends on the extend to which the motivator meets the needs of the individual employee for whom it intends to satisfy.
Paradoxically, motivation is an inherent psychological process whose presence or absence is inferred from observes performance. Motivation as the name implies is derived from the word to motivate which means to move, compel, impel or include to act, to satisfy a need or want. Okafor (2009).
Motivation is the internal and external factors that stimulate desire and energy in people to be continually interested and committed to a job role or subject, or to make and effort to attain a goal. It is the needs, wants or motives within employee that will urge him or her to accomplish his objectives. Anything that is capable and designed to make the individual or group of individuals obtain or satisfy their needs is known as motivation.
Employees need motivation to be productive. Motivating employees is so basic to workers performance and general behaviour. For the purpose of this discussion terms such as needs, desire, drive and aspiration are used interchangeably since every employee has needs, he/she is capable of being motivated.
The task or duty of management is to determine what are the value needs that will make the employee react according to the organizational desired to increase in productivity.
Motivation is one of the panaceas of organizational success in any business environment. Motivating the employee is very important and pivotal to organizational productivity due to its positive effect on the organizational objective. Looking vividly at the current industrial trend, for organizations to get potentials out of their employee, it must structure a lucrative motivational package for its employees.
Effective productivity in this 21st Century will be met if organizations can motivate their employee and give proper attention to their needs and wants. The problem of motivation and expectations are paramount and vital to even the difficult manager. The issue of employee’s motivation and satisfaction are so basic to employee performance and general behaviour in the organization. Management pays great price for dissatisfactory work fiction on job, substandard output and low quality turnover, absenteeism and tardiness to give the only partial list.
However, it is gloomy that the history of Nigerian organization has been associated with crises and deprivation of the employees in the organization often, the reason advanced for such unrest are related to the perceived poor motivational packages for constructive change in organizations.
In the past the academic staff union of polytechnics has been on strike due to demand for various areas of enhancement in the working condition and just recently the academic staff union of universities went on strike due to motivational packages, motivational packages encourage or trigger employees to be effective. The essence of this research is to determine how employees motivation impacts on the productivity in the organizations.
1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
The research in intended to show the effect of motivation in employee’s productivity. The problem is how does motivation affects employees productivity in any given organization and how does it affect the general performance of employee.
Motivating the employee has also affected the organization, so we will critically take a look at the employee’s recent deficiencies and imbalance like tension which will force an employee to act or regain his balance either by withholding a measure of his performance or output or unconscious withdrawal or commitment to work. All these often lead to poor productivity of the employees.
The mentioned elements have effect on the accomplishment and attainment of the organizational goal thereby resulting on low productivity, absenteeism, tardiness, inefficiency etc.
This study intends to ascertain whether employee’s motivation has a positive correlation with the level of productivity in organizations.
1.3 Objectives of the Study
The major objective of the study is:
a. To ascertain whether the level of motivation given to employees has corresponding effect on organizational productivity. Other objectives of the study include:
b. To examine whether the profitability of the organization is due to the level of motivation of employees.
c. To examine whether a demotivated employee will be counter productive.
d. To determine whether the increased profitability in the organization have positive correlation with the level of motivation.
1.4 RESEARCH QUESTIONS
With the objectives of the study in perspective the study seeks to answer the following questions:
a. Does the level of motivation given to employees have a corresponding effect on productivity?
b. Are demotivated employees counterproductive?
c. Does the increased profitability in the organization have positive correlation with the level of motivation?
d. Does employee’s motivation affect organizational productivity?
e. Are employees allowed to participate in decision making at work?
1.5 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
This research work is carried out with the expectation that employee’s motivation would be formulated and implemented to enhance value in organizational productivity. As motivation is simply the desire to satisfy needs, management task and duty is to show employee how they can satisfy their needs by working jointly to achieve the organizational aims and objectives.
The findings and recommendation of this study will help to reduce the incidence of motivation and hence the adverse consequences to the organization and the Entire Society At Large.
1.6 STATEMENT OF HYPOTHESIS
With the research question in perspective the following hypothesis are proposed.
H1: The level of motivation does not significantly related to organizational productivity.
H2: Increase in profitability does not significantly relate to the level of motivation.
1.7 SCOPE OF THE STUDY
This study is limited or confined to companies in Rivers State. This is because of limitation in time and financial resources which make this regiment effort a reality.
1.8 LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY
In carrying out this research work, some constraints encountered which affected both the quality and depth of the investigation. They include the following:
1. Time Constraint: As a result of the time, within which this research project is to be submitted, was omitted in his research result in the topic studied.
2. Inadequate Finance: Also impinging is on the result of this research of finance needed from the inception to the conclusion of this research work. Promises from relatives and acquaintances were not forth coming and just small amount of money was realized for this work.
3. Respondent Attitude: Nonchalant attitude on that part of some respondents greatly affected the depth of this research work. Some of the respondents will request the research to come again or severally. The researcher does not have all the time to always come again as requested.
1.9 DEFINITION OF TERMS
In order to give clarity to the topic studied the following terms are clarified.
Motivation: Is the psychological feature that arouses an individual to act towards a desired goal and elicits colitrols, and sustains certain goal directed behaviours.
Productivity: The state or quality of producing something, the effectiveness of productive effort.
Organization: An organization is a group of people with a particular purpose, such as business organization, social groups etc.
Employee’s motivation: It is the psychological forces that determine the direction of a person’s behaviour in an organization.
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