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ABSTRACT
The present study was undertaken to investigate the microbial status of reservoir water in management campus. The water sample was collected and analyzed in Biology Laboratory in the department of Science Laboratory Technology. 1ml of water sample was pipetted into the first test tube labelled 101, this procedure was repeated three times which was labeled 102 and 103. Screening of the ethanol of the reservoir water for microbial activity showed that the reservoir water in management campus has a Gram positive and Gram negative bacterial. This pathogenic bacterial was isolated using Gram staining method. The sensitivity of the isolated pathogens were Bacillus species and Staphylococcus species. When the reservoir water was analyzed, it shows that the water has the lowest bacterial count of 13.3 x 102 and the highest fungal count was 8.7 x 104. This study therefore showed that the pathogens in the reservoir water (Bacillus and Staphylococcus species) are the bacterial that cannot cause effect in gastrointestinal tract on users instead some of the bacterial fight against some harmful pathogens in human (user), the reason because this water is an underground water therefore making the water drinkable.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
COVER PAGE
TITLE PAGE – – – – – – – – – – i
ABSTRACT – – – – – – – – – – ii
DECLARATION – – – – – – – – – iii
CERTIFICATION – – – – – – – – – iv
DEDICATION – – – – – – – – – v
ACKNOWLEDGMENT – – – – – – – – vi
TABLE OF CONTENTS – – – – – – – – vii
CHAPTER ONE
1.1 INTRODUCTION – – – – – – – – 1
1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM – – – – – 2
1.3 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY – – – – – – 3
1.4 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY – – – – – – 3
1.5 SCOPE OF THE STUDY – – – – – – – 4
1.6 LIMITATION OF STUDY – – – – – – – 4
1.7 DEFINITION OF TERMS – – – – – – – 4
CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 WATER POLLUTION – – – – – – – 6
2.2 CAUSES OF WATER POLLUTION – – – – – 7
2.3 CLASSIFICATION OF WATER POLLUTION – – – – 8
2.3.1 ORGANIC WATER POLLUTION INCLUDE – – – – 9
2.3.2 INORGANIC WATER POLLUTION INCLUDES – – – 10
2.4 EFFECT OF WATER POLLUTION – – – – – 11
2.4.1 MAJOR EFFECTS OF WATER POLLUTION – – – – 11
2.5 PORTABLE WATER STANDARD – – – – – 13
2.6 STORAGE AND PRESERVATION OF WATER SAMPLE – – 17
CHAPTER THREE
3.0 MATERIALS AND METHOD – – – – – – 18
3.1 SAMPLE COLLECTION – – – – – – – 18
3.1 MATERIALS – – – – – – – – 18
3.3 STERILIZATION – – – – – – – – 19
3.4 PREPARATION OF MEDIA – – – – – – 19
3.5.0 QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS OF SAMPLE – – – – 20
3.5.1 Ph DETERMINATION – – – – – – – 20
3.5.2 SERIAL DILUTION – – – – – – – – 20
3.5.3 CULTURING TECHNIQUE (INOCULATION OF SAMPLE) – – 21
3.6 ISOLATION OF BACTERIA (SUB CULTURE) – – – – 22
3.7 GRAM STAINING – – – – – – – – 22
3.8 BIOCHEMICAL TEST – – – – – – – 23
3.8.1 SUGAR TEST – – – – – – – – 23
3.8.2 OXIDASE TEST – – – – – – – – 24
3.8.3 INDOLE TEST – – – – – – – – 25
3.8.4 CATALASE TEST – – – – – – – – 25
CHAPTER FOUR
RESULT AND DISCUSSION
4.1 RESULT – – – – – – – – – 26
4.2 DISCUSSION – – – – – – – – 27
CHAPTER FIVE
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
5.1 SUMMARY – – – – – – – – – 32
5.2 CONCLUSION – – – – – – – – 33
5.3 RECOMMENDATION – – – – – – – 34
REFERENCES – – – – – – – – 36
CHAPTER ONE
1.1 INTRODUCTION
Water is one of the most abundant substances in nature. It is as previously considered to be an element, not until convention proved it to be a compound consisting of hydrogen and oxygen in the ration of 2:1 by volume.
Water covers approximately three quarters of the surface but in spite of this apparent abundance, several factors have limited the amount of water available for human use.
It is of fundamental importance to all kinds of plants and animals and therefore to man. It is of aerial importance with the air we breath in maintaining the vital process necessary for life and growth.
But since it is not very available, its provision has form the earliest part of villages and town to the place where water supply exist.
Water is a vital commodity to industries for processing field stock (reacting raw materials), solvent compound and cooling process. It is distributed in many forms such as rain water, spring water, and sea water etc.
The reservoir water in management campus is of vital use of human (student, staff and food vendors). Reservoir is generally used for water storage. It is used for cooking by food vendors. Anonymous (2011).
It is also used by the student for bathing, washing and drinking.
It is necessary to determine the suitability of the reservoir water for the above mentioned purpose.
Thus, determination of it’s microbial status becomes very important.
1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
The lack of proper washing and maintenance of the reservoir tank and the irregular washing of the discharging channels causes microbes to grow in the water, thereby causing effect on the life of the people (student, staff etc).
The effect which it can cause if not properly taken care of are dysentery, typhoid, it can also cause itching on the skin.
The health effect of drinking contaminated water can range from no physical impact to severe illness or even death.
Some of the effects of drinking communicated water can be immediate, or not noticed for many years. These include gastrointestinal and stomach illness like nausea and vomiting. (Puig, M. (1994).
1.3 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
The objective of the study include
The determination of the microbial load of reservoir water.
Identification of the isolates
Verification of their health implications
1.4 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
This study will be significant to our school water services. The water microbial contamination will be analyzed and relevant control measures will be recommended.
1.5 SCOPE OF THE STUDY
This study is to focus on the microbial water in management campus, Ken Poly. The water will be tested using different portability analytical.
1.6 LIMITATION OF STUDY
The study is limited due to lack of fund and adequate equipment for water quality analysis also affected this study.
1.7 DEFINITION OF TERMS
Reservoir: This is a place where anything (water) is kept in store, especially, a place where water is collected and kept for use when wanted as to supply to people.
Microbial load: This is the measure or level of micro organisms in a substance liquid or solid.
Water pollution: This is the contamination of water bodies.
Water (H2O): is a transparent fluid which forms the world’s streams, lakes, oceans and rain, and is the major constituent of the fluids of organisms.
Ground water: Is the water present beneath Earth’s surface in soil pore spaces and in the fractures of rock formations.
Microorganism: A microorganisms or microbe is a microscopic organism, which may be single-celled or multi-cellular.
Bacteriological water analysis: Bacteriological water anlaysis is a method of analyzing water to estimate the numbers of bacteria present and, if needed, to find out what sort of bacteria they are. It represents one aspect water quality. Ashbolt, et al (2001).