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ABSTRACT
The parking areas that utilize various technologies to efficient manages the lot early system used to display to drivers information such as the availability status and the number of available spaces. And we discover that car parking has become a problem (major) in Nigeria, where people pack their cars in an unauthorized area, so we have decider to come up with our project (Construction of Automatic Unauthorized Car Park detector with SMS notification to the owner) to reduces wrong packing. After running the test we ended up the following result accuracy 92%, time accuracy 90% , response time 5-7 minutes. This device is designed to detect parked vehicles in restricted areas and alert the owner for immediate action.
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.0 INTRODUCTION
Parking problems are a common problem in most major cities. The limited availability of parking space results in traffic congestion, air pollution, time consuming as well as economy of the nation. The price for parking expansion is usually prohibitively or extremely high and as a result of that, motorist often park there in reserved in places or places where they ought not to park.
Calcultt D.M. and Maddock R.J. (1993):This device is designed to detect parked in vehicles in vehicles restricted areas and alert the owner or authorities about the parked vehicle for immediate action.
The parking area that utilizes various technologies to efficiently manage the lot early system used to display to drivers parking information such as the availability status and / or the number of available spaces.This system is still widely used today and now became the necessary part for building car parking area in major cities. There are also complex car parking area that incorporates more advanced technologies to serve customers of different needs. Due to car park management system using wireless sensor network various problems like air pollution, time consumption and mainly the traffic congestion can be overcome to a great extent and this help peoples to park their car efficiently without an extra overhead. but in Nigeria, there is no such place as a car park and it there is, it has to do event halls, bars fast food joints etc. as a result of that, motorist tends to park their cars where ever they find space which leads to illegal parking most times.
1.1 BACKGROUND OF STUDY
In 1926, American merchants listed downtown traffic congestion as their most serious difficulty. Unenforced curbside parking and lack of off-street parking facilities were listed as the primary problems. Customers went where they could park.
Calcultt D.M. and Maddock R.J. (1993):During the Great Depression, city revenues dwindled. With parking meters, however, a new source of municipal revenue was found. Not only did the nickels paid in by parkers accumulate, but so did the fines imposed for over parking. By 1944, American cities were generating some $10 million annually from parking meters alone. Soon after came meter maids, who, because they were paid less than police officers, increased city revenues further. Complex parking rules, restrictions and regulations are now an integral part of modern life and landscape.
Typically, a ticket is placed on a vehicle when the owner or driver is not present. There is no place for a signature, and in California, the registered owner cannot be charged with a misdemeanor or other criminal offense for ignoring a ticket. A letter will usually be sent prior to any punitive action. Most jurisdictions, however, will have sanctions such as refusal to allow renewal of license plates if the owner of the vehicle has unpaid parking tickets. In some jurisdictions, such as New York City, a vehicle may be towed if it has overdue parking fines exceeding a specified balance and subjected to impounded vehicle auction if unredeemed. In many jurisdictions, such as Boston, vehicles with numerous outstanding parking citations are subject to booting.
In Europe, parking tickets are also heavily used. In Sweden, parking violations on street are considered traffic crimes with a fine. If the fine is not objected or paid within a specified time, the Swedish Enforcement Administration will claim money from bank accounts or other assets, relatively fast. The owner will be noted as a bad payer, and will not get a loan or a new rental apartment etc. for three years. A parking violation on a parking place (not on the street) is considered a break of contract which results in a penalty fee with different rules. According to statistics from Stockholm the cars with the highest number of parking violations (weighted for number of cars) are Jeep, Mercedes-Benz, Porsche and Lexus. Mercedes owners were the worst for parking in handicap spaces. Professor Gunnar Aronsson at the department for psychology at Stockholm university believes this is due to the owners being well-off and thinking that their time is more important. According to Jan Prestberg at the traffic office in Stockholm the fines are low enough to be ignored by richer people. It is often hard to find parking spots in big cities. After wheel-locks were introduced in London, the prices for rented parking spots went up considerably.
Frank D. petruzella (1997)Foreign-registered vehicles in Europe in reality cannot be fined. This is partly because it is too much work to find the owner in a foreign country, but mainly because it is not legally possible to claim money from a foreign resident person if they don’t pay voluntarily. The European Union is introducing legislation into all member countries to collect fines across borders. In some cities, like London, this has been solved by locking one wheel of a falsely parked vehicle. The driver has to pay to be able to drive.
AUSTRALIA
Paul Horowittz and Winfiled(2001) Parking fines were introduced in the 1950s in New South Wales, Australia. At that time, council rangers only worked in council car parks and parking fines on the streets, mainly in Sydney were issued by the NSW Parking Police. These were employees of the New South Wales Police Force. Up until about 1995, these fines were issued and processed by the NSW Police and the fines were processed by the traffic penalties section of the police. This section was mostly staffed by clerical staff employed by the police, however they were not members of the police force. If fines were unpaid, the courts could decide on a penalty, and if then unpaid, a warrant would be made out and a person could spend time in jail to cover the amount of the fine. Now the system is different with the State Debt Recovery Office handling the fines.
1.2 STATEMENT OF PROBLEM
In most countries, motorists try as much as they can not to park their vehicles illegally due to the huge fine and other consequences that is attached to illegal vehicle parking. In Nigeria, there is almost nothing like fines attached to illegal vehicle parking and even if there is, it’s as good as not functioning which gives motorist the power to park anyplace of their choice, even in the middle of the read, peoples house fronts etc.
1.3 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
The main purpose of this is to design and construct an Automatic Unauthorized Car Park detector with SMS notification to the owner. Its objective is to develop a system which will detect when a vehicle has been parked where it’s unauthorized (a place where parking is restricted) and notify the owner or authorities via an SMS (short message service) without the owner of the vehicle knowing.
1.4 AIMS OF THE STUDY
– How to construct and design an automatic unauthorized car park detector with an SMS notification to the owner.
1.5 SIGNIFICANCE OF STUDY
As owner of a property, it’s important to know what’s happening to your property, who is utilizing it and why. Properties like Bars, restaurants, event centers are built with provision for customers to park their cars but most at time, other motorist end up parking their cars there, leaving no space for customers to park. As a result of that, it’s important to monitor the car parks and make sure it’s only used by customers alone or authorized personals.
1.6 SCOPE OF THE STUDY
This study is all about developing a system to monitor the state and status of car parks and know when a vehicle is parked legally or illegally without the concept of the owner and take the necessary action.
1.7 LIMITATION OF STUDY
- The device is first of its kind and likely will need more improvementto work effectively.
- Ultrasonic sensor is used to detect vehicles which makes bulky.
- The device is not water resistant.
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