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ABSTRACT
In this project, the author has developed a computer-based criminal monitoring system, for use by the law enforcement agency in Nigeria, with the Rivers State Police Division as a case study. A preliminary but detailed investigation and analysis of the currently existing system at the State Headquarter of the Force was carried out. This is with a view of discovering its strong, points and inherent weakness. The specification of the user requirements was followed up on the revelation of the inherent problems, which resulted from the analysis of the system software was designed. The design stage of eth new system took a two pronged approach to the preliminary and detailed design stages. During the preliminary design stage some important features of the system where estimated. The detailed design stage is where the computer oriented work started. Here the input forms, output forms databases and the processing specifications are drawn up. Preliminary tests carried out show that the software is functional.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
PAGE
Title Page- – – – – – – – i
Certification- – – – – – – – – ii
Dedication- – – — – – – – – iii
Acknowledgement- – – – – – – iv
Abstract- – – – – – – – – – v
Table of Contents- – – – – – – – vi
Table of Figure – – – – – – – – vii
CHAPTER ONE: BACKGROUND
1.1 Introduction – – – – – – – 1
1.2 Statement of the Problem – – – – 3
1.3 Objectives of Study- – – – – – 5
1.4 Scope of the Project- – – – – – 6
1.5 Methodology- – – – – – – – 7
CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW
2.0 Introduction – – – – – – – 10
2.1 Crime- – – – – – – 10
2.2 Criminal Records- – – – – – 12
2.2.1 Utilization of Criminal Records- – – 13
2.2.2 Integrated Records Systems- – – 14
2.2.3 Availability of Crime Tracking Systems- – 15
2.3 Need for Crime Tracking Systems- – – – 16
2.3.1 Accessibility of Crime Tracking Systems- – 16
2.3.2 The State of Crime Tracking Efforts Globally- 17
CHAPTER THREE: ALGORITHM AND LOGIC DESIGN
3.0 Algorithm and logic design – – – – 19
3.1 Algorithm – – – – – – – – 19
3.1.1 Algorithm for Login – – – – – – 19
3.1.2 Algorithm for Main Menu – – – – – 20
3.1.3 Algorithm for Suspect Record – – – – 20
3.1.4 Algorithm for Complaint Record – – – 21
3.1.5 Algorithm for Duty Information – – – 21
3.1.6 Algorithm for Monitoring – – – – – 22
3.1.7 Algorithm for Crime Details – – – – 23
3.1.8 Algorithm for Edit Suspect Details – – – 23
3.2 Flowchart – – – – – – – – 24
3.2.1 Login – – – – – – – – 24
3.2.2 Main Menu – – – – – – – 25
3.2.3 Suspect Record – – – – – – 26
3.2.4 Complaint Record – – – – – – 27
3.2.5 Duty Record – – – – – – – 28
3.2.6 Monitoring Record – – – – – – 29
3.2.7 Crime Record – – – – – – – 30
3.2.8 Edit/Search Suspect – – – – – 31
CHAPTER FOUR: DATA ANALYSIS
4.0 Coding and Implementation – – – – 32
4.1 Reason for Choice of Programming Language – 32
4.2 Freedom of Coding in Visual Basic – – – 32
4.3 Limitation of Coding in Visual Basic – – – 33
4.4 Program Code – – – – – – – 34
CHAPTER FIVE: SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
6.0 Introduction- – – – – – – – 44
6.1 Summary of Achievement – – – – – 44
6.2 Problems Encountered- – – – – – 45
6.3 Suggestions for Further Improvement – – 46
6.4 Conclusion/Recommendation- – – – – 48
References – – – – – – – 51
TABLE OF FIGURE
Figure 4.4.1 Login – – – – – – – 41
Figure 4.4.2 Main Menu – – – – – – 41
Figure 4.4.3 Complaint Form – – – – – 42
Figure 4.4.4 Complaint Output – – – – – 42
Figure 4.4.5 Suspect Form – – – – – 43
Figure 4.4.6 Suspect Output – – – – – 43
CHAPTER ONE
BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
1.1 INTRODUCTION
Many problems are normally encountered in the course of development of criminal information management system and those problems do not only affect the police force but all other organizations that make use of the criminal information. The fight against crime by the police is much more complex than just capturing burglars and thieves. The police officers must work on all criminal cases carefully. They have to document these cases, obtain information about persons and other objects and analyze the results of their search (http: mumment consulting de, 2003)
The development of a data base system may provide crime statistics for example, to the law enforcement agency, with past and present crime trends in the society and this may help them to forecast the likely future crime wave pattern which may assist in combating crime. Crime statistics provide administrators, educators and researchers in the public and private sectors of our society with the appropriate data to study, educate and where necessary modify existing social programs in addition to instituting new ones, that will help reduce crime.
Law enforcement administrators need to know the volume, extent, trend and nature of the crime problems in addition to the basic characteristics of known offenders. This information is necessary for intelligent planning to design and enforcement agencies may also need this data base system for advising their various communities on the current crime conditions. The law courts and correctional institutions may also need this information for effective prosecution of offenders. Currently, according to the BE system Inc (2003) a system for the “streamlining of police criminal proceedings, investigation and general administration” has been developed by them.
The uniform crime reporting body is the law enforcement agency. They provide this country’s only nationwide view of crime enforcement.
This project presents a practical way of combating the nation’s most common local crime problems by developing a computer-based database system, with Rivers State police headquarters, as the case study.
Computer based criminal monitoring system, is a system that is built to find out or detect the criminal activities of the citizenry. The ways and means of detecting who has performed certain activities in the household, business set up, banking industry, and other multi-national organizations can be found through the use of this expert system. It consists of set of programs that manipulate encoded knowledge base to solve problems in specialized domain that normally requires human expertise.
1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
As a result of several interactions with staff of police headquarters, it was gathered that the station operates a manual system. As such different departments keep one file or the other, for any individual crime they handle. As a consequence, information gathered or stored can never be very reliable since in such scenarios, information stored can easily be manipulated. This is due to a number of reasons including:
i. Such information is manually processed and as such is prone to human errors. This makes the information to be less accurate and less reliable, and this will in turn affect all other organizations that will make use of the information e.g. courts, statistical department and others. Information promotes investigation and leads to action and reaction on a matter.
ii. Manually processed information system does not give room for appropriateness of information because any of the documents might get lost probably as a result of carrying the file about.
iii. It may not be very detailed but rather may just contain a short summary of the whole information. This does not make for effective control, planning and decision-making.
iv. Systems that need frequent information updating are not easily enhanced with manual information managements system.
1.3 OBJECTIVES OF STUDY
The fundamental objective of this project is to design and implement a reliable criminal information management system that will aid crime prevention, detection and prosecution of cases. It also deals on problems listed in the courts and it’s setting.
The software will also be used to produce weekly, monthly and yearly crime statistics for administrative forecasting needed by the three arms of government for crime related matters.
Specifically the objectives of this project are to:
i. Provide information that is more complete, true and verifiable.
ii. Improve the functioning of the criminal justice process, with the most significant improvements likely to be in the areas of criminal investigations, police booking, pre-trail release and bail decisions, and pre-sentence investigation reports.
iii. Help prosecutors and judges better balance the need to protect the public form harm by defendants who are out of jail. It highlights the need to minimize the detention of defendant on charges for which they have not been tried under due process of law.
iv. Provide comprehensive database of criminals.
1.4 SCOPE OF THE PROJECT
The project focuses primarily on the computerization of data at the Criminal Investigation Department of the Nigeria Police, with the Rivers State police headquarters as a case study. The project is designed to incorporate a database, which in includes a detainee’s names, scanned picture, signature, and biometrics such as his/her fingerprint etc. when the project is tested, installed and fully operationally. Though present scope is limited to Rivers State only, it can be extended to serve the database needs of other police stations statewide. It could be expanded to accommodate at least a zonal headquarter, comprising of a number of states though the use of servers.
In our design the state Headquarters will be connected to a central database located at the zonal headquarters to minimize cost, operational inefficiencies, and delays in the fight against crime. The system could even be applied nation wide.
1.5 METHODOLOGY
The information used in this project has been obtained by visiting several police headquarters and websites. Method of data collection includes interviews, reading books and web surfing.
According to Whitten et al. (1998) system development live cycle-based methodology is the process generally, used to develop information system. Information systems must be carefully and any successfully systems develop is always governed by some foundational underlining principles.
In this thesis we have adopted the following three principles or stages: detailed system investigation, analysis and the new system design.
i. Detailed system investigation: This stage is the fact-finding level, where a number of interviews are conducted and all available release documents gathered and collated.
ii. Analysis: This analysis of the fact gathered about the proposed system shall enable us design a computerized replacement to the manually collected data, and filling method; and eliminate major problem areas in the old system.
iii. The new system design: This design proceeds in two major stages; the preliminary and detailed design. The preliminary or general stage includes features of the information management/crime detections system. The benefits of implementation to be derived where also estimated. However, in the detailed design, which forms the second stage of design.
i. Forms and controls similar to those of the forms filled by those that are under arrest and accompanying codes are written to drive them.
ii. Buttons, labels and pull down menus are designed and appropriately position on the forms to implement task bars, menu bar and tools boxes of icons, control panels, is generally required by police officers.
iii. Dynamic and static databases are created and maintained to store and keep track of settings and data.
iv. Provision of scanned picture, signature and fingerprint will be integrated.
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