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Abstract
Flow measurement is the quantification of bulk fluid movement. Flow can be measured in a variety of ways. In this study, a standard ARDUINO IDE is used to write and upload programs to the Arduino compatible board (micro controller).The sensor pulses are then sent to the ARDUINO to calculate and store data. The system features a couple of sensors which it uses to detect leak along a conduit or an orifice, and LCD display screen for reading out values for flow characteristics, and feedback which includes the pressure difference, flow rate or velocity, leak and the distance of occurrence, all assembled in a circuit mounted on a hydraulic bench. The flow meter is designed in two ways. The flow meter exhibits a satisfactory degree of accuracy over a broad fluid range of magnitude. It was revealed that for the temperature measurement, when using the pumping system to increase the pressure of the fluid, there is also a corresponding increase in temperature of the fluid as read by the LCD screen, compared to the gravity system which has its value to be 32.0 0c. It was also found that the flow discharged, when using the pumping system, there is greater flow discharged of about 149.92 m3/sec compared to the gravity system. We recommend that there should be further improvements of the tool for irregular cross-sections, for instance considering artificial flow seeding in future studies.
Table of Content
Cover Page i
Title Page ii
Declaration iii
Certification iv
Dedication v
Acknowledgement vi
Abstract vii
CHAPTER ONE 1
INTRODUCTION 1
BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY 1
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEMS 2
AIMS AND OBJECTIVES 3
AIMS OF THE PROJECT 3
OBJECTIVES 3
SCOPE OF THE PROJECT 3
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY 4
CHAPTER TWO 5
LITERATURE REVIEW 5
CHAPTER THREE 14
METHODOLOGY 14
Design consideration 14
MATERIAL SELECTION 15
SENSORS 17
DESIGN ANALYSIS 19
ENGINEERING BILL OF MATERIALS 28
CHAPTER FOUR 30
EXPERIMENTATION/TESTING AND DISCUSSION OF RESULT 30
PRINCIPLES OF OPERATION 30
TEST AND RESULT 31
DISCUSSION 33
SAFETY PRECAUTION 33
MAINTENANCE PROCEDURE 34
CHAPTER FIVE 35
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION 35
SUMMARY 35
CONCLUSION 35
RECOMMENDATION 36
REFERENCES 37
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
There are several flow measuring devices used in various industries and laboratories to determine flow characteristics. Most of these devices are limited to a particular function. Examples are flow meter for pressure measuring difference which can only measure the velocity of flow along the conduit or orifice. But this multi-purpose flow meter has been designed to compensate for all the intricacies and shortcomings of other mono-purpose flow meters. It is most agreeable that in a conduit, if leakage occurs, most time, they are neglected not advantly but ignorantly because there are no equipment or devices which can help indicate leakage as well as show the distance which the fluid leak occur. This device will help detect losses encountered along flow lines due to defective (faulty) valves, punctures, ageing, corrosion, etc.
Flow measurement is the quantification of bulk fluid movement. Flow can be measured in a variety of ways. Flow measurement methods other than positive-displacement flowmeters rely on forces produced by the flowing stream as it overcomes a known constriction, to indirectly calculate flow. Flow may be measured by measuring the velocity of fluid over a known area. The different types of flow characteristics and measuring devices include pressure drop, velocity change and discharge. For very large flows, tracer methods may be used to deduce the flow rate from the change in concentration of a dye or radioisotope.
Both gas and liquid flow can be measured in volumetric or mass flow rates, such as litres per second or kilograms per second, respectively. These measurements are related by the material’s density. The density of a liquid is almost independent of conditions. This is not the case for gases, the densities of which depend greatly upon pressure, temperature and to a lesser extent, composition. Gases are compressible and change volume when placed under pressure, or heated or cooled. For liquids, various units are used depending upon the application and industry, but may include gallons per minute, litres per second, bushels per minute or, when describing river flows, cumecs (cubic meters per second) or acre-feet per day. However, the study is to measure flow characteristics in a piping system.
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEMS
Most devices used in flow characteristics measure can only measure a particular parameter which is not convenient for smaller firms.
It reduces the use of multiple measuring devices on a single flow line and operators movement from one point to another in other to take readings.
Also it affects operators performance in field applications
AIMS AND OBJECTIVES
AIMS OF THE PROJECT
The aim of the project is to design and fabricate a multiple characteristic measuring device.
OBJECTIVES
The main objectives of this project is
• To determine the various flow characteristics.
• To identify loss of products (hydraulic fluids) along a conduit.
• To reduce cost and promote simplicity.
• To improve efficiency and safety of the system.
• To reduce number of devices on a flow line.
SCOPE OF THE PROJECT
This project covers the design and fabrication of a multi-purpose flow measuring device which could be mounted on conduits. The size of this device and the number of sensors employed are limited to the distances of the conductor, size and availability of material. The device can detect leakages within limited range of sensing distance.
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
This flow measuring device would serve the advancement of different industries with its ever increasing range of application. Its benefit to school is that it would be used for experimenting flow characteristics of hydraulic fluids for the students.
They can be used by various industries, such as fuel and oil, petrochemical, paints, grease and casting etc. it can also be used outside the industry, for housing projects, to track the amount of water utilized.
Complete Material Cost #3,000