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ABSTRACT
Power failure is a period or time when electricity supply to a building or an area is interrupted as a result of damage to cables, faults from the power station or for other reasons. Modern equipments require continuous supply of electricity to function not only in the industries but also in the households. Power failure alarm is a monitoring device that will trigger a buzzer when electricity mains cuts off. The device is helpful to inform people when there is loss of power supply in the home and in other critical installations and sites such as health care devices in the hospital. Once the buzzer sounds, one will know that there is power failure and action(s) will be taken immediately to rectify the situation by providing alternative power supply or relocating the installation if need be.
TABLE OF CONTENT
COVER PAGE ……………………………………….………….…….………………………i
TITLE PAGE……………………………………..…………………….……………….…..…ii
DECLARATION iii
CERTIFICATION iv
DEDICATION v
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT vi
ABSTRACT vii
TABLE OF CONTENT viii
CHAPTER ONE 1
1.0 INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM 2
1.2 OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY 2
1.3 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY 3
1.4 CONSEQUENCES OF POWER FAILURE 3
1.5 APPLICATION OF POWER FAILURE ALARM 4
1.6 SCOPE OF THE STUDY 4
1.7 DEFINITION OF TERMS 4
CHAPTER TWO 6
2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW 6
2.1 HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF ALARM 6
2.2 TYPES OF ALARM 6
2.3 REVIEW OF ELECTRIC POWER FAILURE 9
2.4 TYPES OF POWER FAILURE 9
2.5 PROTECTING THE POWER SYSTEM FROM FAILURE 11
2.6 RESTORING POWER AFTER A WIDE-AREA OUTAGE 11
2.7 BLACKOUT INEVITABILITY AND POWER SUSTAINABILITY 12
CHAPTER THREE 14
3.0 MATERIALS AND METHOD 14
3.1 MATERIALS 14
3.2 THE COMPONENTS USED ARE: 14
3.3 METHOD 15
CHAPTER FOUR 17
4.0 RESULT AND DISCUSSION 17
4.1 RESULT 17
4.2 DISCUSSION 17
CHAPTER FIVE 18
5.0 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION 18
5.1 CONCLUSION 18
5.2 RECOMMENDATION 18
REFERENCES 20
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
In modern society, it is impossible to imagine life without electricity. Modern equipments require a continuous supply of electricity not only in industries but also in the households. Power failures are especially critical at sites where the environment and public safety are at risk. Take refrigerator for instance, if you experience power failure, your food will get spoilt, this can cause little irritation. However, in institutions such as hospital where critical instruments such as life care devices are installed, sewage treatment plants, mines, and the likes, the irritation and frustration during power failure would be high. Therefore backup power sources such as standby generators which automatically starts up when power failure occurs are employed. In protecting computer systems from power failures in most critical applications, uninterrupted power supply (UPS) is used. But this is not always the case as this device cannot provide continuous operation in the event of remote power failure. Often, one needs to take other actions according to the situation. But how do you know that the site have experienced power failure? For one to be notified when power failure occurs, a power failure signal device (power failure alarm) is used. This system through an alarm indicates when there is power failure. As soon as the system experiences power failure, you will receive a signal through an alarm notifying you that your electrical equipments are suffering from power failure.
There are many causes of power failure in an electricity network. Examples of these causes include;
– An overload on the power plant (electricity mains)
– A thunderstorm
– Damage to electric transmission lines, substations and other parts of the distribution system
– A short circuit, etc.
Whatever the case may be, you will be notified as soon as power failure occurs and you can act accordingly.
1.1 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
Power failure in homes, offices and workplaces can be irritating, frustrating and devastating. However, ignorance of the situation make matters worse. Hence the need for a power failure alarm that will always alert or inform people when there is power failure.
1.2 OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY
The objective of this study is to construct a power supply monitoring device (power failure alarm) that will trigger a buzzer when the mains supply cuts off. Once the buzzer gives an alarm, one will know that there is loss of power and action(s) need to be taken to rectify the situation by providing an alternative power supply.
1.3 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
A failure in power supply to some people only causes minor irritation. However, to others especially in business, it can cause thousands of pounds of damages. These damages may be in the form of lost food in fridges/freezers, lost of stocks, which may include chemicals, medicines, electronics, and even loss of lives in critical cases in the hospital. It can cause a computer to fail, cut off heater from greenhouse etc.
This power failure alarm is constructed to inform you when power fails, so appropriate action can be taken, and in time.
1.4 CONSEQUENCES OF POWER FAILURE
When power failure occurs there will be:
- No light in the house
- Loss of refrigeration (food spoils)
- No heat or air conditioning
- No flushing toilets or running water
- No cooking on electric range or in microwave oven etc.
1.5 APPLICATION OF POWER FAILURE ALARM
Power failure alarm is useful in monitoring
– Fridges/Freezers
– Fish tanks/aquariums
– Sump pumps
– Computer systems/equipments
– Heating systems
– Chemical storages etc.
1.6 SCOPE OF THE STUDY
This study has to do with constructing a power failure monitoring device that will trigger a buzzer when the mains supply cuts off. At the same time a light emitting diode is turned ON. This device is helpful to inform one about the loss of power supply to some critical installations. It helps one to be aware of the situation and take necessary actions.
1.7 DEFINITION OF TERMS
- Alarm: An alarm is any sound or information intended to give notice of approaching danger; a warning sound to arouse attention. It is also a mechanical contrivance for awakening people from sleep, or arousing their attention.
- Power failure: A power failure also called power cut, power outage, or power blackout is a short term or long term loss of electric power supply to an area.
- Construction: This is the process or act of constructing or putting together the parts of anything. It is also the act of devising, forming or fabricating something.