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Abstract
Nowadays, portable automatic intruder system has become very popular among security system. Image detector is a valuable technology that can be used to perform alarm system using body detector. Alarm system by using a body detector is an application for the smart alarm system because it relies only with the existence of electrical field that surrounds the human body. The alarm system adopts advanced RF oscillators matched with reliable software technology and advanced hardware circuitry. This system mainly uses capacitance, detector, body intruding detection to transmit alarming signal to main unit. When signal is received, it processes it immediately, and the main unit will automatically give out jerking ability then an alarm comes up by the designed code. The idea behind this project is to solve the problem of traditional security method by using a non-portable jerking alarm system due to excessive data transfer and complex hardware circuitry. Image detector jerking system with an alarm makes all services that relate to information simpler, safer, cheaper and portable. In this project, a micro-controller PIC16F877 will be used as an actuator of the system that will control the output system through a programming system. The system will be developed to control the system flow such as register data, delete data, and creating program flow to produce the output depends on the activation of image detector hardware circuitry. The PIC16F877 micro-controller will analyze and process the data that has been registered in the system; the security application will work such as triggering the jerking ability and then sound the buzzer.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
TITLE PAGE:…………………………………………………………………..i
DECLARATION ………………………..…ii
CERTIFICATION vi
DEDICATION viiv
ACHKNOWLEDGEMENT…………………..……………..………………..v
ABSTRACT vi
PREFACE …………………………………………………………………….vii
TABLE OF CONTENTS..…………………………………………………viii
LIST OF FIGURES viiii
CHAPTER ONE 1
INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY………………………..……..……2
1.2 STATEMENT OF PROBLEM 3
1.3 OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY 3
1.4 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY……………………………………..4
1.7 LIMITATION OF THE STUDY ………………………………………..5
CHAPTER TWO 6
RELATED LITERATURE REVIEW 6
2.1 WHAT IS AN IMAGE DETECTOR 6
2.2 HISTORY OF AN IMAGE DETECTOR 6
2.3 TYPES OF IMAGE DETECTOR……………………………………….8
2.4 MICRO CONTROLLER…………………………………………………8
2.5 TYPES OF MICRO CONTROLLER…………………………………..9
2.6 APPLICATION OF MICRO CONTROLLER………………………..10
2.6 ALARM SYSTEM……………………………………………………….11
2.7 TYPES OF SENSOR……………………………………………………11
2.8 ADVANTAGES OF IMAGE DETECTOR JERKING SYSTEM WITH AN ALARM……………………………………………………………………14
CHAPTER THREE…………………………………….……………..……15
METHODOLOGY 15
3.1 STAGE BY STAGE CONSTRUCTION PROCESS………………..15 3.2 STAGE BY STAGE BLOCK DIAGRAM…………………………….19
3.3 CIRCUIT DIAGRAM 20
3.4 PICTORAL DIAGRAM………………………………….……………..21
3.5 PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION 23
3.6 DESCRIPTION OF CONPONENT…………………………………..25
CHAPTER FOUR 27
PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS 28
4.1 TESTING 27
4.2 TESTING AND TECHNIQUE APPLIED 307
4.3 RESULT 28
4.4 RESISTOR 28
4.5 TYPES OF RESISTOR 28
4.6 COLOUR CODING OF A RESISTOR 29
4.7 CONNECTION OF A RESISTOR 31
4.7.1 PARALLEL CONNECTION…………………………………………32
4.7.2 SERIES CONNECTION…………………………………………….32
4.8 SWITCHES………………………………………………………………33
4.9 CONNECTORS………………………………………………………….34
4.10 LIGHT EMITTING DIODE(LED)…………………………………..34
4.11 INTEGRATED CIRCUIT(IC LM7805)……………………………..34
4.12 ZENER DIODE……………………………………………………..…35
4.13 CAPACITOR……………………………………………………………35
4.13.1 TYPES OF CAPACITOR…………………………………………..35
4.13.2 CLASSES OF CAPACITOR………………………………………36
4.14 MOTION SENSOR……………………………………………………37
4.15 CRYSTAL OSCILLATOR…………………………………………….37
4.16 TRANSFORMER………………………………………………………38
4.17 MOTOR…………………………………………………………………38
4.18 RELAY………………………………………………………………….38
4.19 TRANSISTOR………………………………………………………….38
4.20 ULTRASONIC SENSOR……………………………………………..39
4.21 BUZZER………………………………………………………………..39
4.22 EFFICIENCY…………………………………………………….…….39
CHAPTER FIVE 41
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION 41
5.1 SUMMARY 41
5.2 CONCLUSION 40
5.3 RECOMMENDATION 41
REFERENCES 42
APPENDIX 46
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Back Ground of Study
An alarm system implies an emergency procedure that should be carried out. While image detector is a device that can detect the existence of human body for a certain wide range of area, alarm system using image detector jerking system is an application for the smart system because it relies only with the existence of electrical field that surrounds the human body. Safety alarms are used widely nowadays in order to gain safety and precautions for communities and individuals. This image detector jerking system with an alarm adopts advanced RF oscillators matched with reliable software technology and advance hardware circuitry. The reliable components combination from resistance, capacitance, and digital coding technology are also used. This system mainly uses capacitance detector body intruding detection to transmit alarming signals to main unit. When signal is received, it processes it immediately, and the main unit will automatically give out jerking signals then sound an alarm by the designed code.
Every living human body is surrounded by an electric field, which may potentially be detected at a few meters distance. Even if this can only be detected at a distance of a few centimeters (as opposed to millimeters), the application are region. The phenomenon of capacitance is entirely dependent on the existence of electric fields. Therefore, if a human body should approach the positive plate of a capacitor, the body’s electric field will cause the value of the capacitor to rise. In the image detector jerking system circuit, this is detected by means of an RC (resistance capacitance) oscillator. As the value of C rises, so the frequency of the oscillator drops. All that remains is to detect this drop in frequency to obtain some interesting results.
Generally, the will consist of an image detector as an input sensor, a PIC16F877 micro-controller that performs as a serial interface to accomplish effective surveillance application and a circuitry of the alarm system applications. The image detector jerking system with an alarm works based on a system that relies on capacitance value surrounding body and PIC16F877 micro-controller acts as an activator of the image detector input and PIC basic programming creates the flows of the whole operation of alarm application.
1.2 Statement of Problem
- Without teddy bear Image detector system, effective security cannot be controlled which may result to lose of valuables, theft etc.
- Some homes/offices without a good image detector system, one can come in without permission which may be annoying and can lead to embarrassment.
1.3 Objectives of the Project
To create a system that would detect human body existence using image detector: Current security application requires human for manual surveillance either using CCTV or depend on security guards. Image detector has the potential to eliminate human intervention. The advantages of developing an image detector jerking system with an alarm is to reduce labor costs, reduce costs, fewer errors and increase the building simplicity security.
To develop portable alarm system application by enhancing the designation of hardware and software: Modern alarm system does not have the ability to perform in a state of portable. With image detector jerking system with an alarm, the application can be portable and we will be able to have it function everywhere we desire. This is because image detector can be operated in many mode.
To develop a system that can verify and activate the flows of alarm system application using pic16f877 micro-controller: The PIC16F877 CPU is optimized for low power consumption and high performance operation at bus frequencies up to 4MHz. In many applications, the PIC16F877 provides a single chip solution with mask programmed ROM or user programmable EPROM. By implementing PIC16F877, image detector acts as an input to micro controller while the micro-controller act as an activator for the sequence and flows of the alarm system applications.
1.4 Significance of Study
Moving around the home/office can be very bad and insecure. Using a teddy bear image detector system in your home/office can save valuables, prevent unnecessary movement and provide more effective security communication channel. The teddy bear image detector jerking system with an alarm provides functions ranging from convenience to security.
1.5 Scope of Project
The scopes that need to be proposed for these projects are:
To develop a system that could detect the existence of human at the range between 1<cm2<30.
To create the application of alarm system image detector and integrate system by using PIC16F877 micro-controller.
1.6 Limitation of the Project
In the course of construction of this project, some short-comings that stood as hindrance were:
- Insufficient funding
- Lack of good literature materials
- Source of materials.
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