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ABSTRACT
The study investigated the effectiveness of common insecticides such as Mobil, Baygon, Raid, Rambo, Spi-tox, Swan, Toprank. These were applied on cockroaches and timed using stopwatch. From the result Rambo was found to be most effective on cockroaches which take 111seconds and Spi-tox was found to be the least effective on cockroaches which takes 429seconds. The active ingredients in the most effective insecticide (Rambo) on cockroaches are Dichlovos with a percentage of 1.000 and Permethrin with a percentage of 0.5000. The active ingredient in the least effective insecticide (Spi-tox) on cockroaches is Imiprothin of 0.150%.
TABLE OF CONTENT
Contents
TITLE PAGE…………………………………………………………………………….i
CERTIFICATION……………………………………………………………………….ii
DEDICATION……………………………..……………………………………………iii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT…………………………………..………………………….iv
ABSTRACT…………………………………………..…………………………………v
TABLE OF CONTENT……………………………….……………………………….vi
LIST OF TABLES………………………………………..……………………………vii
CHAPTER ONE
1.1 INTRODUCTION………..………………………………………………1
1.2 AIMS AND OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY………….…………2
CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW…………………………………………………………..3
2.1 HOUSE SPRAYING WITH RESIDUAL INSECTICIDES…………..3
2.2 COMMON KILLERS…………………………………………………….3
2.3 KNOCKDOWN EFFECT……………………………………………….3
2.4 CONCENTRATION COUNTS…………………………………………4
2.5 ORGANIZATION OF SPRAYING…………………………………….4
2.6 INSECTICIDES FOR RESIDUAL SPRAYING…………………..….5
2.7 INSECTICIDAL CONTROL……………………………………………6
2.8 ACTIVE INGREDIENTS IN THE TRADE-NAME INSECTICIDE.10
2.8.1 TETRAMETHRIN……………………….………………………11
2.8.2 CYFLUTHRIN………………………………………..…………11
2.8.3 CYPHENOTHRIN………………………………………………11
2.8.4 DELTAMETHRIN………………………………………………11
2.8.5 IMIPROTHRIN………………………………………………….12
2.8.6 D-PHENOTHRIN…………………………………………….…13
2.8.7 PRALLETHRIN…………………………………………………13
2.8.8 DICHLOVOS………………………………………….………..13
2.8.9 D-ALLETHRIN…………………………………………….……14
2.8.10 NEO-PYNAMIN……………………………….……..….14
CHAPTER THREE
3.1 MATERIALS AND METHODS………………………………..15
CHAPTER FOUR
4.1 RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS………….………………….16
CHAPTER FIVE
5.1 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS…………….17
REFERENCES……………………………………………………………..…………18
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
Insects (latin word-insectum) are a class of invertebrates within the arthropod phylum that have a chitinous exoskeleton, a three body part made up of the head, thorax and abdomen, three pairs of legs, compound eyes and one pair of antennae. They are among the most diverse groups of animals on planet, including more than a million described species and representing more than half of all known living organisms. Chapman (2006)
Insecticide is a substance used to kill insects, IUPAC (2006). They include ovicides and larvicides used against insect eggs and larvae respectively. Insecticides are used in the industry, medicine agriculture and by consumers. Insecticides are claimed to be a major factor behind the increase in agricultural 20th century’s productivity. Van Emden (1996). Nearly all insecticides have the potential to significantly alter ecosystems, many are toxic to humans and some concentrate along the food chain.
Insecticides can be classified in different ways:
– Natural insecticides such as nicotine, pyrethrum and neem extracts are made from plants as defense against insects.
– Organic insecticides which are organic chemical compounds mostly working by contact. It comprise the largest number of pesticides available for use today Karl (1948)
– Inorganic insecticides are manufactured with metals such as arsenates, copper and fluorine compounds which are now hardly used and sulfur which is commonly used.
– Systemic insecticides are incorporated and distributed systemically throughout the whole plant. When insects feed on the plant they ingest the insecticide.
Incorrect usage of insecticides may also occur when there is leakage of insecticides from the genuine vector control program. The distribution of insecticide resistance is not uniformly distributed and usually only depicts areas where data have been collected.
Household insects has pose a lot of damage to man and his environment, but due to the different brand names of insecticides in the market, it is necessary to search for a particular insecticide among the available ones that is most effective and health free to man.
AIMS AND OBJECTIVES
The aim of this study is to reduce the amount of money in buying insecticides that are not effective. It will also help us to determine the most active ingredient responsible for the effectiveness of the products.
The objective of this study includes:
– To determine the most effective brand of insecticide sold in the market.
– To check the mortality rate (time interval) for each of the selected insecticides in controlling cockroach.