Complete Material Cost #3,000
Order for Complete Material now
ABSTRACT
According to presence of Biological active components in Lemon grass, lipton and moringaOleifera grass plants and uses of this plants in traditional medicine. It seems that this plant possesses considerable antibacterial activities. The purpose of this study was investigating the antibacterial activities of lemon grass, lipton and moringaoleifera.Methanol extract and aqueous extract on three (3) reference strains of staphylococcus aureous, bacillus cereus and Escherichia coli. 1% and 2% concentrationof plant ethanoic and aqueous extract were prepared. Then their antibacterial effects were assessed with agar well diffusion method. Results showed that Bacillus cereus has the highest degree of antibacterial activity at different concentration for both dried and liquid extract but had not inhibition for the liquid ethanoic extract. Results also shows that staphylococcus aureous had no inhibition at both percentages for dried aqueous extract but inhibited at both percentages for dried ethanoic extract, it inhibited then for Escherichia coli. The aqueous extract had no inhibition but it inhibited at both percentage for liquidethanoic extract. There the aqueous extract for Bacillus inhibited the highest antibacterial activity.
TABLE OF CONTENT
TITLE PAGE ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………i
DECLARATION ii
CERTIFICATION iii
DEDICATION iv
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT v
ABSTRACT vi
TABLE OF CONTENT vii
LIST OF TABLES ix
CHAPTER ONE 1
1.0 INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY 1
1.2 AIM AND OBJECTIVES 4
1.3 STATEMENT OF PROBLEM 4
1.4 LIMITATIONS OF STUDY 4
1.5 SIGNIFICANCE OF STUDY 5
1.6 SCOPE OF STUDY 5
CHAPTER TWO 6
2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW 6
2.1 BOTANICAL CLASSIFICATION OF MORINGA 7
2.2 SPECIES TYPE OF MORINGA 7
2.3 PARTS OF MORINGAOLIEFERA 8
2.3.1 MORINGA LEAVES 8
2.3.2 MORINGA SEEDS 9
2.3.3 MORINGA BARK 9
2.3.4 OIL PRESSED FROM MATURED SEED 9
2.4 NUTRITIONAL VALUE OF MORINGA 10
2.5 LEMON GRASS 10
2.6 BOTANICAL CLASSIFICATION OF LEMON GRASS 12
2.7 SPECIES OF LEMONGRASS 13
2.8 TRADITIONAL USE OF LEMON GRASS 13
2.8.1 AS A FOOD INGREDIENT 13
2.8.2 IN COSMETICS 14
2.8.3 IN FLOCK MEDICINE 14
2.9 LIPTON 16
2.10 HEALTH BENEFIT OF LIPTION 16
2.10.1 PREVENTING CANCER 17
2.10.2. HELPING IN WEIGHT LOSS 18
2.10.3. LOWERING CHOLESTEROL LEVELS 18
2.10.4. PREVENTING DIABETES 18
2.10.5. PROVIDING GOOD SKINCARE PROPERTIES 18
2.11 DISADVANTAGES OF LIPTON 19
2.12 BACTERIAL 19
2.12.1 BACTERIAL ACCORDING TO THEIR SHAPE 20
2.13 BACTERIA IDENTIFICATION 21
2.14 DISEASED CAUSED BY BACTERIA 21
2.15 SYMPTOMS OF BACTERIA 22
2.16 ESCHERICHIA COLI(E. coci) 22
2.16.1 SCIENTIFIC CLASSIFICATION OF E. COLI 22
2.17 BACILLUS CEREUS 23
2.17.1 SCIENTIFIC CLASSIFICATION OF BACILLUS 23
2.18 STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREOUS 24
2.18.1 SCIENTIFIC CLASSIFICATION OF STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREOUS 24
CHAPTER THREE 25
3.0 MATERIALS AND METHOD 25
3.1 PLANT COLLECTION 25
3.2 MEDIA PREPARATION 25
3.2.1 POUR PLATING 25
3.2.2 PREPARATION OF INOCULUMS 25
3.3 TESTED BACTERIA 26
- 4 COLLECTION AND PREPARATION OF PLANT EXTRACTS 26
3.5 ANTIBACTERIAL TESTING 27
CHAPTER FOUR 28
4.0 RESULTS 28
4.1 CALCULATIONS FOR THE ZONE OF INHIBITION 29
4.2 DISCUSSION OF RESULTS 30
CHAPTER FIVE 30
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION 32
5.1 CONCLUSION 32
5.2 RECOMMENDATION 32
REFERENCES 33
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY
Plants are still a potential source of medical compounds. In the world, plants traditionally are used in oral health to treat many disease especially infectious diseases including treating many diseases including diarrhea, fever and cold, (Mitscher, 1981). According to world health organization (WHO) definition a medicinal plant, is a plant that can be used for therapeutics purposesor its compounds be used as a pioneer in the synthesis of semi-synthetic chemical drugs WHO, (1979).Plantsare utilized as therapeutic agents since time immemorial in both organized and unorganized form. Plants have been identified as the potent therapeutic agents, due to the presence of nutritional (mineral and vitamins) and non- nutritional (fibers, actives dnyto chemicals including the flavonoids, terpenoidslignans, sulfides, poly phenolics, carotenoids, saponins, plant sterols, curcumins and phthalides) component, hence promoted as functional food. The present paper highlights the functional properties of lemon grass (cymbopogoncitratus and moringaoleifera) which has been consumed on various forms.
The growing prevalence incidences of multi-drug resistant micro-organism and the recent appearance of new microbial strains resistant to utmost all known antibiotics are alarming and necessitated the international scientific community to apply different strategies and search for new effect we drugs from another source such as plant and natural products, (Kinch, 1998). Plant has attracted attention last years due to there pharmacological properties.
Lemon grass plant with scientific name cymbopogoncitratus belongs to the Graminae (poacea) family that contains about 600 series and 9000 species which are widely distributed in tropical and subtropical world,(Clayton, 1968). Lemon grass has the ability to control bacterial growth and fungal pollutants in food given as staphylococcusaureus and Escherichia coli, also the antioxidant activities of lemon grass plant has proven, so that lemon grass is been compare with alpha-tocopherol has stronger antioxidant activity and acts as BHT equivalent (ButylatedHydroxyToluene) (TiziannaBaratta, 1998). Studies show that lemon grass plant due to having alkaloids and phenols contains antibacterial properties.
Moringaoliefera tree has attracted attention last years due to its pharmacological properties. Moringaolieferais belonging to mainlymoringaceace. It is a fast-growing tropical edible tree. This plant is utilized from centuries and prescribed extensively in traditional medicine. It was mentioned in ancient Egyptian, Romans and Greeks. It is now distributed and cultivated as a crop in so many African, Asian, Latin America and Caribbean Countries’, (Fehey, 2005).
The leaves of Moringaoliefera have many photochemical secondary metabolites of great pharmacological properties.Such as alkaloids flavonoids, saponins, (Abalaka, 2012). All of these metabolites were found to have antimicrobial properties. Many medicinal uses were also reported, various parts of this plant employed as anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic and antimicrobial. This study aims to evaluate the antibacterial activity of different plant extract.
1.2 AIM AND OBJECTIVES
- To find the effectiveness of lemon grass (cymbopogoncitratus), moringaoliefera and lipton for the treatment of some selected pathogenic organisms.
- To evaluate the antibacterial activity of different plant extract.
- To compare the herbs lemon grass (cymbopogoncitratus) moringaoliefera&lipton with synthetic drugs.
- To check the effects of moringaoliefera,lipton and lemongrass extract on some selected pathogenic organisms.
1.3 STATEMENT OF PROBLEM
Globally, traditional medicine (Herbs) has been ignored. Therefore, this study shows the importance of herbs especially moringaoliefera, lemon grass (cymbopogoncitratus) and lipton and it medicinal values.
1.4 LIMITATIONS OF STUDY
This study was limited to bacterial species. The inavailability of an adequate culture media for plasmodium spp, restricted the work to bacterial only, whereas the herbs are also used locally for the treatment of malaria.
1.5 SIGNIFICANCE OF STUDY
- To create awareness to the public to know the importance of herbs. (moringa, lemon grass and lipton).
- To reduce the cost of synthetic drugs.
- To provide an understanding of the importance of herbs.
1.6 SCOPE OF STUDY
- This study focuses on herbs (moringa& lemon grass) and bacteria and their effect on bacterial such as Baccillus, staphylococcus aureus and E.coli.
- To evaluate the effectiveness of lemon grass, lipton and moringa extract on Bacillus, staph andE.coli.
- To compare between the aqueous and ethanoic extract of the selected plants.
Complete Material Cost #3,000
Order for Complete Material now