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ABSTRACT
Microbiological quality of stream water the river water samples were collected from kaani stream and microbial analysis were performed based on standard methods. bacterial counts of test water samples. The first samples had total counts of 1.2 X 104 and 3.6 X 103 cfu/ml in nutrient agar And Macconkey Agar counts of the second samples were 2.4 X 105 and 1.1 X 104 cfulml, population of bacterial in the third sample has 1.1 X 105 in nutrient agar and 3.4 X 103 in macconkey agar. The water in Kaani Community of Khana Local Government Area. Therefore needs a serious effort in limiting the numbers of microbial organisms released into them. The microbial load renders them unfit for human consumption though they can be used for other purposes. Programs must be organized to educate the general public on the proper disposal of refuse. Treatment of sewage and the need to purify our water to make it fit for drinking because the associable organisms are of public significance being implicated in one from of infection or the other.
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
Water is a resource that has many uses including recreation, transportation, hydras-electric power, industrial and commercial uses water also support all forms of life and effect our health, lifestyle, and economic well being although more than three quarter (3/4) of the earth’s surface is made-up of water, only 2.8 percent of the earth’s water is available for human consumption (Iskander, 2010). At present approximately one-third of world’s population live in countries with moderate to high ware stress.
Stream water is a finite resource; essential for agriculture, industry and even human existence. Without freshwater of adequate quantity and quality sustainable development will not be possible (Kumar, 1997). Stream water plays a major role in assimilation or carry-off of municipal and some industrial waste water and run-off from agricultural land. With the rapid development in the agricultural, mining. Urbanization and industrialization activities, the stream water contamination with hazardous waste and waste water is becoming a common phenomenon.
In Nigeria almost 70% of the water has become polluted due to discharge of domestic selvage and industrial effluents into natural water source, such as rivers, stream as well as lakes.
Additionally, the public health significance of water quality cannot be over emphasized. Many infectious diseases are transmitted by water through the oral fecal routes. Disease contacted through drinking water about 5 million children annually and makes 16th of the world population sick (WHO, 2004). Water known to be a vital resource to our existence in life and its important in our daily life makes it imperative that through microbiological and physic-chemical examinations be conducted on the water.
Potable water is that water that is free from disease producing micro-organisms and chemical substances that are dangerous to health (Lamikarna, 1999). In Nigeria, majority of the rural populace do not have access to portable water and therefore, depend on well, stream and rivers water for domestic usage. The bacteria qualities of groundwater, pipe borne water and other natural water supplies in Nigeria have been reported to be unsatisfactory with coliform counts exceeding the level recommendation by World Health Organization (WHO) (Dada et al,1999). The reason for elucidation of important parameters in water quality assessment may be attributed to be the fact that in the overall portability of water, such parameter should be not be ignored (Osunde, 1997).
1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
Information about the microbial load and types in stream water are available. Those of Kaani stream in Rivers State, Nigeria, are lacking.
1.3 SIGNIFICATION OF THE STUDY
The significance of this research work is to create a catalogue or relevant information that will help to inform individual living within Kaani metropolis to gain awareness over the microbial content of stream water present in Kaani.
This research will also enlighten individuals to know whether the consumption of the water source is safe for health and also the risk attached to the consumption of water that has high load of micro-organism.
1.4 SCOPE OF THE STUDY
The scope of this research work is to analyze the microbial content of stream water from selected location in Kaani. And this analysis was achieved by the collection of stream water samples from selected stream in Kaani.
1.5 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
The basic aim of this research is to analyze the microbial content of selected stream water in Kaani.
The objectives of the study are:
- Isolation of bacterial present in selected stream water samples.
- Identification of bacterial isolated from test samples.
1.6 DEFINITION OF TERMS
This describe the meaning of key words and phrase used in the chapter.
WATER: Water is a polar inorganic compound that is at room temperature a tasteless and odorless liquid nearly colorless with a hint of blue.
POTABLE WATER: Potable water has been filtered, cleaned or treated to meet the standards for drinking water, meaning that it is reasonably clear of contaminated and harmful bacterial. This makes water safer for drinking and cooking.
POLLUTED WATER: Water polluted is the contaminated of water bodies (e.g. lakes, rivers, ocean, aquifers and ground water). This form of environmental degradation occurs when pollutants are directly or indirectly discharged into water bodies without adequate treatment to remove harmful compounds.
STREAM WATER: A stream water is a body of water with a current, confirmed within bed and banks. Depending on its location or certain characteristics, a stream may be referred to as a branch, brook, beek, burn, creek, crick, ghyll. Gill, kill, lick, mill race, rill, river, syke, bayin, rivulet, streamage, wash, run, or runnet.
BACTERIA: Bacteria constitute a large domain of prokaryotic microorganisms. Typically a few micrometres in length, bacteria have a number of shapes ranging from spheres to rods and spiral.
INFECTION: the invasion and multiplication of microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses, and parasites that is not normally present within the body. An infection may cause no symptoms and be subclinical, or it may cause symptoms and be clinically apparent. An infection may remain localized, or it may spread through the blood or lymphatic vessels to become systemic (body wide). Microorganisms that live naturally in the body are not considered infections. For example, bacteria that normally live within the mouth and intestine are not infections.
DISEASE: disease is a particular abnormal condition, a disorder of a structure or function that affects part or all of an organism. The study of disease is called pathology which includes the causal study of etiology. Disease is often construed as a medical condition associated with specific symptoms and signs.
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