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AN ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN OF RICE MILL AT SAGBAMA, SAGBAMA LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA, BAYELSA STATE.
ABSTRACT
The need to reduce the challenges of manual rice production and importation of rice into the country as well as making it cheap in our society has been of a front ……….issue in recent time in Bayelsa State and the Nigerian Nation at large. Rice is one of the major stable food in Nigeria today, there is hardly anyone in this part of the world who does not include rice in his or her diet at least once in a week. The aim of this project is to design a functional and suitable rice mill in Sagbama, Sagbama Local Government Area of Bayelsa and beyond. The information gathered and used in facilitating this project was achieved by visiting existing project, site visitation; oral interview, relevant books as well as journals and magazines. Some studies were made for functionality, structural and construction methods as could be applicable in the design. The scope of this project is intended to properly handle the processing and milling of rice in Sagbama, with the use of automated machines for the benefit of increasing production and its ancillary product.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
TITLE PAGE i
DECLARATION ii
CERTIFICATION iii
DEDICATION iv
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT v
ABSTRACT vi
TABLE OF CONTENTS vii
LIST OF TABLES ix
LIST OF FIGURES x
LIST OF PLATES xi
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of Study 1
1.2 Statement of Problem 4
1.3 Aim and Objective 5
1.4 Project Justification 6
1.5 Scope of the Study 6
1.6 Research Limitations 6
1.7 Definition of Terms 7
CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW
2.0 Historical Background 9
2.1 History of Rice in West Africa 10
2.2 Rice Production in Nigeria 11
CHAPTER 3: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
1.3 Design of Study 16
3.2 Case Studies of Existing Rice Mill 16
3.5 Summarized Deduction 25
3.6 Area of Study 26
3.7 Procedure for Data Collection 26
3.8 Method of Data Analysis 26
CHAPTER 4: SITE STUDIES AND ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROL
4.1 Site Studies and Environmental Control 28
4.2 Site Location 28
4.3 Site Selection Criteria 29
4.4 Site Analysis/Interpretation 30
4.5 Site Climatic Studies and Implications 33
4.6 Environmental Impact Consideration 33
CHAPTER 5: DESIGN SOLUTION AND DISCUSSION
5.1 Design Brief 35
5.2 Concept 36
5.3 Site Zoning 37
5.4 Site Layout 38
5.5 Functions of Space 39
5.6 Schedule of Space 42
5.7 Construction, Materials and Finishes 43
CHAPTER 6: SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
6.1 Summary 45
6.2 Conclusion 45
6.3 Recommendations 46
REFERENCES 47
APPENDICES 46
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of Study
Since independence a sharp increase in rice consumption has led to rice (paddy) production in Nigeria increasing 400% from less than 150,000 tons in 1961, to half a million tons in 1978, 2 million tons in 1988 and 4.7 million tons in 2007.
Total rice consumption rose 4,600% between 1961 and 2003; per capital rice consumption increased 2,700% from 1kg to 28kg per annum, while the population grew by 220%. Rice consumption compared to traditional stables has therefore grown from less than 1% to almost 10% of total stables consumption, and is estimated to double every nine years. (www.google.com).
Nigerian farmers may have responded to the increased demand for rice. Despite this, Nigerian rice production remains insufficient to fulfill demand. This is partly because Nigerian production yields have barely changed since the 1970s especially compared to yields in South East Asia.
The rice in total production has therefore been as a result of increase in farm land dedicated to rice production, rather than improved yields.
As demand out places production, Nigeria imports rice (mostly from South-East Asia) to complete the short fall. Such vast expenditure on imports is not sustainable and erratic and often contradict other investment promoting policies. In 2008 global prices spiked exposing Nigeria’s vulnerability to address domestic supply but at the same time tariff were removed for six months of the year promoting imports.
Such conflicting government incentives impede investment in agro-processing. Hence, the production of rice remains low both in absolute volume terms and in relative quality terms. The latter problem is due as much to production techniques as to inferior and small-scale processing techniques. (www.google.com)
This leaves Nigerian consumers with a preference for imported rice versus domestically produced rice, even when imported rice costs more.
Nevertheless, Nigerian rice production is on the increase with North Central States of Kano and Kaduna leading the way closely followed by Niger State in the North West.
This is largely driven by state government initiatives some of which have also facilitated large scale investments.
Investments worth $1.2bm have recently been made by erst while rice importers to establish processing factories in Kano, Kwara, Ogun and Benue States, with a combined installed milling capacity of 730,000 metric tons annually.
In summary, the problems facing Nigerian rice production are numerous.
Yields are low so even though production areas have grown, total output is still insufficient to meet demand.
Domestic processing techniques are rudimentary, creating two parallel markets for rice domestically versus in ported.
Dependence and expenditure on imports are high, while import regulations and policies are erratic, ineffective and ultimately punish the consumers.
1.2 Statement of Problem
Due to the absence of rice mill in the State, rice is being produced locally in some communities in the State such as Sagbama, Nembe, Yenegoa and it usually come along with sand and stone. The process of production is very difficult because it is done manually with the exception of removing of the husk, which is being done by a machine. That is why there is need to provide a functional and suitable rice mill where rice will be properly produced to reduce the importation of rice in Nigeria.
1.2.1 Architectural Problem
The architectural problem to be solved in this project include:
Circulation: These must be adequate circulation to allow activities of staff and equipment.
Security: Cameras will be installed at strategic location to monitor vicinity at all time.
Functionality: The building will be design in such a way that is will serve the actual purpose it is for.
1.2.2 Social Problem
Unemployment.
Mismanagement or misappropriation and embezzlement of fund.
Insecurity
1.3 Aim and Objective
The aim of this project is to design a functional and suitable rice mill in Sagbama, Sagbama Local Government Area of Bayelsa State.
Objectives are:
To provide steps and ramp to ease the movement of fork lift.
To provide water in the premises.
To provide opening for day light and artificial lighting will be used at night.
Provide fire alarm system, fire extinguisher and fire hose in the mill.
1.4 Project Justification
This study is significant because it focuses mainly on research and milling of rice. Due to the increase in rice farming in the 8 L.G.A and the absence of rice mill in Bayelsa State, there is an urgent need to establish one. The establishment of the project will provide easy access to the modern rice milling process and create job opportunities for the people of Sagbama and its environs.
1.5 Scope of the Study
This Rice Mill is intended to properly handle the processing and milling in Sagbama. The scope of this study includes the provision of administrative office, production area, warehouse, store, security post etc.
1.6 Research Limitations
In carrying out this research, I was faced with some challenges and limitations, which are
Time constraints due to lectures.
Finance to travel for case studies.
Illness within the period.
Inability to access some area during case studies on related facilities and existing rice mill.
1.7 Definition of Terms
Clearing:
After harvesting rice, it is transferred to the processing plant where foreign objects and like stones and tree stumps are removed using Destoner.
Hulling:
Husk is separated from clean paddy. After the husk is removed, the product is called brown rice and is ready for the milling process. Paddy graders and paddy cleaners are used to separate brown rice.
Milling:
This stage removes the bran layer of rice turning brown rice into white rice.
Polishing:
The surface of rice is smothered and it is given a shine by passing through a series of rovers. (www.google.com).
Grading:
It is a process in which broken rice is separated out and separating head rice into different length.
Sorting:
Discolored, yellow and immature rice is removed in this stage adding value to rice.
Packaging:
The finished product is then packed and is stored to be delivered to valued customers. (www.google.com).
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